Self-powered acceleration sensors based on triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are critical components for vibration detection, which have promising applications in Internet of Things, wearable electronics and sensor networks. However, the development of this sensor is restricted by lack of the working mechanism. Herein, we propose a novel theoretical model V-Q-a based on contact-separation TENGs to systematically illuminate the mechanism of the self-powered acceleration sensor under different motion. Based on the model, the self-powered sensor’s output performances such as transferred charges, output voltage and sensitivity are deeply analyzed under common uniform accelerated and sinusoidal motions. Also, a self-powered acceleration sensor with silk-fibroin triboelectric layer is fabricated to verify the V-Q-a model. The test results show that experimental verification data agrees well with the theoretical analysis. It also exhibits a high sensitivity of 19.07 V s² m⁻¹ of the as-fabricated sensor with higher stability, which is 12 times as higher than the self-powered accelerometer fabricated by Zhang et al. with sensitivity of 15.56 V g⁻¹. The excellent output performance enables the acceleration sensor to be applied in wearable devices (passometer) and machine vibration monitoring. This work advances an in-depth understanding of self-powered acceleration sensor based on TENGs, which will effectively guide for optimizing sensor structure and performance in future specific applications.

基于摩擦纳米发电机（TENGs）的自供电加速度传感器是振动检测的关键组件，在物联网，可穿戴电子设备和传感器网络中具有广阔的应用前景。但是，这种传感器的发展受到缺乏工作机制的限制。在这里，我们提出了一个新颖的理论模型V - Q - a基于接触分离的TENGs系统地阐明了自供电加速度传感器在不同运动下的机理。基于该模型，在常见的均匀加速和正弦运动下，深入分析了自供电传感器的输出性能，例如转移电荷，输出电压和灵敏度。此外，利用丝心蛋白层的摩擦自供电加速度传感器被制造成验证V - Q -一个模型。测试结果表明，实验验证数据与理论分析吻合良好。它还具有19.07 V s ² m ^-1的高灵敏度传感器具有更高的稳定性，是Zhang等人制造的自供电加速度计的12倍。灵敏度为15.56 V g ^-1。出色的输出性能使加速度传感器可应用于可穿戴设备（通道计）和机器振动监控。这项工作对基于TENGs的自供电加速度传感器有了更深入的了解，这将有效指导在未来的特定应用中优化传感器的结构和性能。