Abstract The universalization and decentralization of wastewater treatment is one of the greatest challenges faced in Brazil. In this context, Constructed Wetlands (CWs) may be considered environment friendly and economically viable alternative for geographically remote locations, having fewer financial resources and infrastructure. During the last years, studies have investigated different configurations aiming to increase the capacity of CW to remove nutrients, mainly phosphorus (P) and reinforced its importance in ecological and landscape contexts. Thus, the present study evaluated the performance of a hybrid system combining Floating, Vertical and Horizontal Flow CWs to treat urban wastewaters. A removable adsorbent barrier was developed to improve the removal of P and a polyculture with ornamental plants was used to add landscape potential. The obtained results showed a promising nutrients removal capacity of the hybrid system, with mean removal rates of 94.0% for total P, 93.8% for ammonium nitrogen (N−NH3), 93.8% for total nitrogen (N), 80.0% for dissolved organic carbon (DOC), 84.0% for biochemical oxygen demand (BDO5), 77.0% for chemical oxygen demand (COD) and 99.7% for turbidity. The integrated system kept its ability to remove pollutants during the 11 months of operation (January to December 2019), without substrate saturation, and also maintaining P values within the limits allowed by current Brazilian (CONSEMA Resolution 355/17 (3 mg L−1)) and international legislation (UWTD 91/271/EEC (2 mg L−1)). The landscape benefits were extremely positive mainly due to the flowering of Canna generalis and its greater biomass production. By crossing the biomass data and the accumulation of nutrients in the tissues of the aerial part it was possible to verify that the contribution of the plants in the N removal from the system reached 8.08% while the P decrease attained 17.92% in the horizontal sub-surface flow constructed wetland (HSSFCWs). Therefore, the developed system enabled an efficient removal of nutrients throughout the monitoring period, enhancing the wastewater quality and potentializing its reuse for different purposes.

中文翻译：

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用于处理城市废水的混合人工湿地：增加养分去除和景观潜力

摘要 污水处理的普遍化和分散化是巴西面临的最大挑战之一。在这种情况下，人工湿地 (CW) 可能被认为是环境友好且经济可行的替代方案，适用于地理位置偏远、财政资源和基础设施较少的地区。在过去几年中，研究调查了不同的配置，旨在提高 CW 去除养分（主要是磷 (P)）的能力，并加强其在生态和景观环境中的重要性。因此，本研究评估了结合浮动、垂直和水平流动 CW 处理城市废水的混合系统的性能。开发了一种可移除的吸附屏障来改善磷的去除，并使用与观赏植物的混养来增加景观潜力。所得结果表明，该混合系统具有良好的养分去除能力，总磷的平均去除率为 94.0%，铵态氮 (N-NH3) 的平均去除率为 93.8%，总氮 (N) 的平均去除率为 93.8%，溶解有机物的平均去除率为 80.0%。碳 (DOC)，生化需氧量 (BDO5) 为 84.0%，化学需氧量 (COD) 为 77.0%，浊度为 99.7%。集成系统在 11 个月的运行期间（2019 年 1 月至 12 月）保持其去除污染物的能力，没有底物饱和，并将 P 值保持在当前巴西允许的范围内（CONSEMA 决议 355/17（3 mg L−1 )) 和国际立法 (UWTD 91/271/EEC (2 mg L−1))。景观效益非常积极，主要是由于美人蕉的开花及其更大的生物量生产。通过交叉生物量数据和地上部分组织中养分的积累，可以验证植物在从系统中去除 N 的贡献达到 8.08%，而在水平亚层中 P 减少达到 17.92%。地表流人工湿地 (HSSFCWs)。因此，开发的系统能够在整个监测期间有效去除养分，提高废水质量，并有可能将其重新用于不同目的。