The COVID-19 pandemic is an extraordinary global emergency that has led to the implementation of unprecedented measures in order to stem the spread of the infection. Internationally, governments are enforcing measures such as travel bans, quarantine, isolation, and social distancing leading to an extended period of time at home. This has resulted in reductions in physical activity and changes in dietary intakes that have the potential to accelerate sarcopenia, a deterioration of muscle mass and function (more likely in older populations), as well as increases in body fat. These changes in body composition are associated with a number of chronic, lifestyle diseases including cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes, osteoporosis, frailty, cognitive decline, and depression. Furthermore, CVD, diabetes, and elevated body fat are associated with greater risk of COVID-19 infection and more severe symptomology, underscoring the importance of avoiding the development of such morbidities. Here we review mechanisms of sarcopenia and their relation to the current data on the effects of COVID-19 confinement on physical activity, dietary habits, sleep, and stress as well as extended bed rest due to COVID-19 hospitalization. The potential of these factors to lead to an increased likelihood of muscle loss and chronic disease will be discussed. By offering a number of home-based strategies including resistance exercise, higher protein intakes and supplementation, we can potentially guide public health authorities to avoid a lifestyle disease and rehabilitation crisis post-COVID-19. Such strategies may also serve as useful preventative measures for reducing the likelihood of sarcopenia in general and in the event of future periods of isolation.

COVID-19 大流行是一场非同寻常的全球紧急情况，导致采取了前所未有的措施来阻止感染的传播。国际上，各国政府正在实施旅行禁令、隔离、隔离和社交距离等措施，导致人们长时间待在家里。这导致体力活动减少和饮食摄入量变化，有可能加速肌肉减少症、肌肉质量和功能恶化（在老年人群中更容易发生）以及体内脂肪增加。这些身体成分的变化与许多慢性生活方式疾病有关，包括心血管疾病 (CVD)、糖尿病、骨质疏松症、虚弱、认知能力下降和抑郁症。此外，CVD、糖尿病和体脂升高与 COVID-19 感染风险更大和症状更严重相关，这凸显了避免此类疾病发生的重要性。在这里，我们回顾了肌肉减少症的机制及其与当前数据的关系，这些数据涉及 COVID-19 限制对体力活动、饮食习惯、睡眠和压力以及因 COVID-19 住院而延长卧床的影响。我们将讨论这些因素导致肌肉损失和慢性疾病可能性增加的可能性。通过提供多种家庭策略，包括抗阻运动、增加蛋白质摄入量和补充剂，我们有可能指导公共卫生当局避免生活方式疾病和 COVID-19 后的康复危机。这些策略还可以作为有用的预防措施，以减少一般情况下以及未来隔离期间发生肌少症的可能性。