Phosphorus is the second most critical macronutrient after nitrogen required for metabolism, growth, and development of plants. Despite the abundance of phosphorus in both organic and inorganic forms in the soil, it is mostly unavailable for plant uptake due to its complexation with metal ions in the soil. The use of agrochemicals to satisfy the demand for phosphorus to improve crop yield has led to the deterioration of the ecosystem and soil health, as well as an imbalance in the soil microbiota. Consequently, there is a demand for an alternate cost-effective and eco-friendly strategy for the biofortification of phosphorus. One such strategy is the application of phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms which can solubilize insoluble phosphates in soil by different mechanisms like secretion of organic acids, enzyme production, and excretion of siderophores that can chelate the metal ions and form complexes, making phosphates available for plant uptake. These microbes not only solubilize phosphates but also promote plant growth and crop yield by producing plant-growth-promoting hormones like auxins, gibberellins, and cytokinins, antibiosis against pathogens, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase which enhances plant growth under stress conditions, improving plant resistance to heavy metal toxicity, and so on. Pyrroloquinoline quinine (pqq) and glucose dehydrogenase (gcd) are the representative genes for phosphorus solubilization in microorganisms. The content presented in this review paper focuses on different mechanisms and modes of action of phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms, their contribution to phosphorus solubilization, growth-promoting attributes in plants, and the molecular aspects of phosphorus solubilization.

中文翻译：

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磷酸盐增溶微生物：机制及其在磷酸盐增溶和吸收中的作用

磷是继植物代谢、生长和发育所需的氮之后第二重要的常量营养素。尽管土壤中含有丰富的有机和无机形式的磷，但由于它与土壤中的金属离子络合，它大多无法被植物吸收。使用农药来满足对磷的需求以提高作物产量导致生态系统和土壤健康恶化，以及土壤微生物群的失衡。因此，需要一种替代的具有成本效益和生态友好的磷生物强化策略。一种这样的策略是应用溶解磷酸盐的微生物，它可以通过不同的机制溶解土壤中的不溶性磷酸盐，如有机酸的分泌、酶的产生、和排泄可以螯合金属离子并形成复合物的铁载体，使磷酸盐可供植物吸收。这些微生物不仅可以溶解磷酸盐，还可以通过产生植物生长促进激素（如生长素、赤霉素和细胞分裂素）、抗病原体、1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸脱氨酶（在胁迫条件下促进植物生长）来促进植物生长和作物产量、提高植物对重金属毒性的抵抗力等。吡咯并喹啉奎宁 (pqq) 和葡萄糖脱氢酶 (gcd) 是微生物中磷溶解的代表性基因。本综述论文的内容侧重于溶磷微生物的不同作用机制和作用模式，它们对溶磷的贡献，