During the COVID-19 pandemic in a modern era, there is a global consensus on the need for the rapid development of a vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 for effective and sustainable control. Developing these vaccines is fundamental to public health. This urgent need is supported by the scientific explosion in structural and genomic biology that facilitates the urgent development of an ideal COVID-19 vaccine, using new pathways to facilitate its large-scale development, testing, and manufacture. Here, we summarize the types of COVID-19 candidate vaccines, their current stage in early testing in human clinical trials, and the challenges for their implementation.

在现代 COVID-19 大流行期间，全球一致认为需要快速开发针对 SARS-CoV-2 的疫苗以进行有效和可持续的控制。开发这些疫苗对公共卫生至关重要。结构和基因组生物学的科学爆炸支持了这一迫切需求，这有助于紧急开发理想的 COVID-19 疫苗，使用新途径促进其大规模开发、测试和制造。在这里，我们总结了 COVID-19 候选疫苗的类型、它们在人体临床试验早期测试中的当前阶段，以及它们实施的挑战。