Limited fish meal and fish oil supplies have necessitated research on alternatives for aquafeeds. Seven dietary treatments with different protein and lipid sources were formulated for farmed Atlantic salmon, and their effects on liver and head kidney lipid class, fatty acid, and elemental composition were studied. Fish meal, fish oil, and EPA + DHA content ranged from 5–35%, 0–12%, and 0.1–3%, respectively. Elemental analysis showed that the C to N ratio was higher in the head kidney than in the liver, which is consistent with higher content of total lipids in the head kidney compared with the liver. There was a greater susceptibility to dietary lipid alterations in the liver compared with the head kidney despite liver having a greater proportion of phospholipid and a much lower proportion of triacylglycerol. So long as fish oil levels were 5% or more of the diet, arachidonic acid (ARA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) proportions were the same for each tissue as with feeding the marine diet with 12% fish oil; however, livers and head kidneys from fish fed the lowest amount of fish meal and fish oil had the lowest levels of eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and DHA and the highest ARA levels. Removal of fish oil and reduction of fish meal to 5% in diets of farmed Atlantic salmon affected elemental and lipid compositions of the liver and head kidney tissues potentially increasing susceptibility to inflammation. However, with 10% of the diet comprising fish meal and fish oil, lipid contents were comparable with fish fed marine-based diets.

鱼粉和鱼油供应有限，因此必须研究水产饲料的替代品。为养殖的大西洋鲑鱼配制了七种不同蛋白质和脂质来源的饮食疗法，并研究了它们对肝脏和头部肾脏脂质类别，脂肪酸和元素组成的影响。鱼粉，鱼油和EPA + DHA含量分别为5–35％，0–12％和0.1–3％。元素分析表明，头肾中的C：N比肝脏中的高，这与肝中头肾中总脂质的含量较高相符。与肝脏相比，尽管肝脏中磷脂的比例更高，而三酰基甘油的比例却低得多，但与头部肾脏相比，肝脏中饮食脂质变化的敏感性更高。只要鱼油含量为日粮的5％或更多，花生四烯酸（ARA）和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）的比例对于每个组织都是与喂食12％鱼油的海洋日粮相同。然而，饲喂鱼粉和鱼油量最低的鱼的肝脏和头肾脏的二十碳五烯酸（EPA）和DHA含量最低，ARA含量最高。在养殖的大西洋鲑鱼的饮食中去除鱼油并将鱼粉减少至5％，会影响肝脏和头部肾脏组织的元素和脂质成分，从而可能增加炎症的易感性。但是，由于鱼粉和鱼油的日粮含量为10％，因此脂质含量与以鱼为食的海洋日粮相当。每种组织的花生四烯酸（ARA）和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）的比例与以12％鱼油喂养海洋饮食时相同；然而，饲喂鱼粉和鱼油量最低的鱼的肝脏和头肾脏的二十碳五烯酸（EPA）和DHA含量最低，ARA含量最高。在养殖的大西洋鲑鱼的饮食中去除鱼油并将鱼粉减少至5％，会影响肝脏和头部肾脏组织的元素和脂质成分，从而可能增加炎症的易感性。但是，由于鱼粉和鱼油的日粮含量为10％，因此脂质含量与以鱼为食的海洋日粮相当。每种组织的花生四烯酸（ARA）和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）的比例与以12％鱼油喂养海洋饮食时相同；然而，饲喂鱼粉和鱼油量最低的鱼的肝脏和头肾脏的二十碳五烯酸（EPA）和DHA含量最低，ARA含量最高。在养殖的大西洋鲑鱼的饮食中去除鱼油并将鱼粉减少至5％，会影响肝脏和头部肾脏组织的元素和脂质成分，从而可能增加炎症的易感性。但是，由于鱼粉和鱼油的日粮含量为10％，因此脂质含量与以鱼为食的海洋日粮相当。饲喂鱼粉量最低的鱼的肝和头肾脏和鱼油的二十碳五烯酸（EPA）和DHA含量最低，而ARA含量最高。在养殖的大西洋鲑鱼的饮食中去除鱼油并将鱼粉减少至5％，会影响肝脏和头部肾脏组织的元素和脂质成分，从而可能增加炎症的易感性。但是，由于鱼粉和鱼油的日粮含量为10％，因此脂质含量与以鱼为食的海洋日粮相当。饲喂鱼粉量最低的鱼的肝和头肾脏和鱼油的二十碳五烯酸（EPA）和DHA含量最低，而ARA含量最高。在养殖的大西洋鲑鱼的饮食中去除鱼油并将鱼粉减少至5％，会影响肝脏和头部肾脏组织的元素和脂质成分，从而可能增加炎症的易感性。但是，由于鱼粉和鱼油的日粮含量为10％，因此脂质含量与以鱼为食的海洋日粮相当。