Chronic childhood stress is linked to greater susceptibility to internalizing disorders in adulthood. Specifically, chronic stress leads to changes in brain connectivity patterns, and, in turn, affects psychological functioning. Violence exposure, a chronic stressor, increases stress reactivity and disrupts emotion regulation processes. However, it is unclear to what extent violence exposure affects the neural circuitry underlying emotion regulation. Individual differences in affective style also moderate the impact of stress on psychological function and can thus alter the relationship between violence exposure and brain function. Resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) is an index of intrinsic brain activity. Stress-induced changes in rsFC between the amygdala, hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex (PFC) are associated with emotion dysregulation and may elucidate how affective style modulates the relationship between violence exposure and brain connectivity. Therefore, the present study examined the impact of violence exposure and affective style on stress-induced changes in rsFC. Participants (n = 233) completed two 6-minute resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans, one before (pre-stress) and one after (post-stress) a psychosocial stress task. The bilateral amygdala, hippocampus, and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) were used as seed regions for rsFC analyses. Significant stress-induced changes in the prefrontal, fronto-limbic, and parieto-limbic rsFC were observed. Further, pre-stress to post-stress differences in rsFC varied with violence exposure and affective style. These findings suggest that prefrontal, fronto-limbic, and parieto-limbic connectivity is associated with the emotional response to stress and provide new insight into the neural mechanisms through which affective style moderates the impact violence exposure has on the brain.

慢性童年压力与成年后更容易出现内化障碍有关。具体来说，慢性压力会导致大脑连接模式的变化，进而影响心理功能。暴力暴露是一种慢性压力源，会增加压力反应并扰乱情绪调节过程。然而，目前尚不清楚暴力暴露在多大程度上影响情绪调节的神经回路。情感风格的个体差异也会减轻压力对心理功能的影响，从而改变暴力暴露与大脑功能之间的关系。静息态功能连接（rsFC）是大脑内在活动的指标。压力引起的杏仁核、海马和前额叶皮层 (PFC) 之间的 rsFC 变化与情绪失调相关，并可能阐明情感风格如何调节暴力暴露与大脑连接之间的关系。因此，本研究探讨了暴力暴露和情感风格对压力引起的 rsFC 变化的影响。参与者 ( n = 233) 完成了两次 6 分钟的静息态功能磁共振成像扫描，一次是在心理社会压力任务之前（压力前），另一次是在心理社会压力任务之后（压力后）。双侧杏仁核、海马和腹内侧前额皮质 (vmPFC) 被用作 rsFC 分析的种子区域。观察到压力引起的前额叶、额边缘和顶边缘 rsFC 的显着变化。此外，RSFC 的应激前与应激后差异随暴力暴露和情感风格的不同而变化。 这些发现表明，前额叶、额叶边缘和顶叶边缘连接与对压力的情绪反应有关，并为情感风格调节暴力暴露对大脑影响的神经机制提供了新的见解。