An annual life history is often associated with the ability to self-fertilize. However, it is unknown whether the evolution of selfing commonly precedes the evolution of annuality, or vice versa. Using a 2-year common garden experiment, we asked if the evolution of selfing in the normally perennial Arabidopsis lyrata was accompanied by a shift towards the annual habit. Despite their very recent divergence from obligately outcrossing populations, selfing plants exhibited a 39% decrease in over-winter survival after the first year compared with outcrossing plants. Our data ruled out the most obvious underlying mechanism: differences in reproductive investment in the first year did not explain differences in survival. We conclude that transitions to selfing in perennial A. lyrata may be accompanied by a shift towards annuality, but drivers of the process require further investigation.

一年的生活史通常与自体受精的能力有关。然而，尚不清楚自交的进化是否通常先于一年生的进化，或者反之亦然。通过一项为期两年的普通花园实验，我们询问通常多年生的琴叶拟南芥自交进化是否伴随着向一年生习性的转变。尽管自交植物最近与专性异交种群出现了分歧，但与异交植物相比，自交植物在第一年后的越冬存活率下降了 39%。我们的数据排除了最明显的潜在机制：第一年生殖投资的差异并不能解释生存率的差异。我们的结论是，多年生A. lyrata向自交的转变可能伴随着向一年生的转变，但该过程的驱动因素需要进一步调查。