In this paper, we propose a cellular automaton model to simulate traffic flow controlled by a series of traffic lights. The synchronized traffic light and the green wave light strategies were investigated. The spatiotemporal diagrams, energy dissipation, and CO2 emission of the system were presented. Our simulations are conducted to clarify the difference between both strategies and their effects on the traffic flow and the CO2 emission. We found that the traffic flow depends mainly on the strategy used for managing the traffic lights as well as on the parameters of the traffic lights, namely the cycle length, the number of traffic lights and the length of the system. The fundamental diagram has barely the same characteristics for both methods and it depends on the combination of the parameters of the system. We find that the green wave is more convenient for the management of a series of traffic lights than the synchronized control strategy in terms of throughput, especially for large-sized systems. Unlike in terms of CO2 emission and energy dissipation, both control strategies outperform each other depending on the density regions and the parameters of the system. Finally, we investigate the effect of both cycles (i.e. red and green) for the synchronized control method on the CO2 emission. It is found that the green cycle generates often a series of acceleration events that increase CO2 emission.

中文翻译：

---

具有一系列红绿灯的单车道元胞自动机模型中的二氧化碳排放

在本文中，我们提出了一种元胞自动机模型来模拟由一系列交通信号灯控制的交通流。研究了同步红绿灯和绿波灯策略。时空图、能量耗散和 CO2介绍了系统的排放。我们的模拟旨在阐明两种策略之间的差异及其对交通流量和 CO 的影响2排放。我们发现交通流量主要取决于用于管理红绿灯的策略以及红绿灯的参数，即周期长度、红绿灯数量和系统长度。两种方法的基本图几乎没有相同的特征，它取决于系统参数的组合。我们发现绿波在吞吐量方面比同步控制策略更便于管理一系列红绿灯，特别是对于大型系统。与二氧化碳不同2排放和能量耗散，这两种控制策略都根据密度区域和系统参数而相互超越。最后，我们研究了同步控制方法的两个循环（即红色和绿色）对 CO 的影响2排放。发现绿色循环通常会产生一系列加速事件，从而增加 CO2排放。