The development of detectors that provide high resolution in four dimensions has attracted wide-spread interest in the scientific community for several applications in high-energy physics, nuclear physics, medical imaging, mass spectroscopy as well as quantum information. In addition to high time resolution and thanks to the AC-coupling of the electrodes, LGAD silicon sensors can provide high resolution in the measurement of spatial coordinates of an incident minimum ionizing particle. Such AC-coupled LGADs, also known as AC-LGADs, are therefore considered as candidates for future detectors to provide 4-dimensional measurements in a single sensing device with 100$\%$ fill factor. This article presents the first characterization of an AC-LGAD sensor with a proton beam of 120 GeV momentum at Fermilab. The sensor consists of strips with 80 $\mu$m width, fabricated at Brookhaven National Laboratory. The signal properties, efficiency, spatial, and time resolution are presented. The experimental results show that the time resolution of such an AC-LGAD is compatible to standard LGADs with similar gain, and that AC-LGADs can be segmented with fine pitches as standard strip or pixel detectors.

中文翻译：

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使用 120 GeV 质子束测量 AC-LGAD 条形传感器

在高能物理、核物理、医学成像、质谱以及量子信息等多个应用中，提供四维高分辨率的探测器的发展引起了科学界的广泛兴趣。除了高时间分辨率以及由于电极的交流耦合，LGAD 硅传感器还可以在入射最小电离粒子的空间坐标测量中提供高分辨率。因此，这种 AC 耦合的 LGAD，也称为 AC-LGAD，被认为是未来探测器的候选者，可在具有 100$\%$ 填充因子的单个传感设备中提供 4 维测量。本文介绍了在费米实验室对具有 120 GeV 动量质子束的 AC-LGAD 传感器的首次表征。该传感器由宽度为 80 美元的条带组成，在布鲁克海文国家实验室制造。介绍了信号属性、效率、空间和时间分辨率。实验结果表明，这种 AC-LGAD 的时间分辨率与具有相似增益的标准 LGAD 兼容，并且 AC-LGAD 可以作为标准条带或像素检测器进行细间距分割。