Acute ischemic brain injury is a serious disease that severely endangers the life safety of patients. Such disease is hard to predict and highly lethal with very limited effective treatments currently. Although currently, there exist treatments like drug therapy, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, rehabilitation therapy and other treatments in clinical practice, these are not significantly effective for patients when the situation is severe. Thus scientists must explore more effective treatments. Stem cells are undifferentiated cells with a strong potential of self-renewal and differentiate into various types of tissues and organs. Their emergence has brought new hopes for overcoming difficult diseases, further improving medical technology and promoting the development of modern medicine. Some combining therapies and genetically modified stem cell therapy have also been proven to produce obvious neuroprotective function for acute ischemic brain injury. This review is an introduction to the current research findings and discusses the definition, origin and classification of stem cells, as well as the future prospects of the stem cell-based treatment for acute ischemic cerebral injury.

急性缺血性脑损伤是一种严重危害患者生命安全的严重疾病。目前，这种疾病很难预测，并且使用非常有限的有效治疗方法具有很高的致死性。尽管目前在临床实践中存在诸如药物疗法，高压氧疗法，康复疗法和其他疗法的疗法，但是当情况严重时，这些疗法对于患者而言并不显着有效。因此，科学家必须探索更有效的治疗方法。干细胞是未分化的细胞，具有很强的自我更新潜力，可分化为各种类型的组织和器官。它们的出现为克服疑难疾病，进一步改善医疗技术和促进现代医学的发展带来了新的希望。还证明了一些联合疗法和转基因干细胞疗法对急性缺血性脑损伤具有明显的神经保护功能。这篇综述是对当前研究成果的介绍，并讨论了干细胞的定义，起源和分类，以及基于干细胞的急性缺血性脑损伤治疗的未来前景。