Directional solidification (DS) is an established manufacturing process to produce high-performance components from metallic materials with optimized properties. Materials for demanding high-temperature applications, for instance in the energy generation and aircraft engine technology, can only be successfully produced using methods such as directional solidification. It has been applied on an industrial scale for a considerable amount of time, but advancing this method beyond the current applications is still challenging and almost exclusively limited to post-process characterization of the developed microstructures. For a knowledge-based advancement and a contribution to material innovation, in situ studies of the DS process are crucial using realistic sample sizes to ensure scalability of the results to industrial sizes. Therefore, a specially designed Flexible Directional Solidification (FlexiDS) device was developed for use at the P07 High Energy Materials Science beamline at PETRA III (Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Hamburg, Germany). In general, the process conditions of the crucible-free, inductively heated FlexiDS device can be varied from 6 mm/h to 12 000 mm/h (vertical withdrawal rate) and from 0 rpm to 35 rpm (axial sample rotation). Moreover, different atmospheres such as Ar, N2, and vacuum can be used during operation. The device is designed for maximum operation temperatures of 2200 °C. This unique device allows in situ examination of the directional solidification process and subsequent solid-state reactions by x-ray diffraction in the transmission mode. Within this project, different structural intermetallic alloys with liquidus temperatures up to 2000 °C were studied in terms of liquid-solid regions, transformations, and decompositions, with varying process conditions.

中文翻译：

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使用高能同步加速器 X 射线原位观察定向凝固的区域熔化装置

定向凝固 (DS) 是一种成熟的制造工艺，用于从具有优化性能的金属材料生产高性能部件。用于要求高温应用的材料，例如能源发电和飞机发动机技术，只能使用定向凝固等方法成功生产。它已经在工业规模上应用了相当长的时间，但将这种方法推进到当前应用之外仍然具有挑战性，并且几乎完全仅限于已开发微结构的后处理表征。对于基于知识的进步和对材料创新的贡献，DS 过程的原位研究至关重要，使用现实的样本量来确保结果可扩展到工业规模。所以，开发了一种专门设计的柔性定向凝固 (FlexiDS) 设备，用于 PETRA III（德国汉堡的德国电子同步加速器）的 P07 高能材料科学光束线。通常，无坩埚感应加热 FlexiDS 设备的工艺条件可以在 6 mm/h 至 12 000 mm/h（垂直取出速率）和 0 rpm 至 35 rpm（轴向样品旋转）之间变化。此外，在操作过程中可以使用不同的气氛，例如 Ar、N2 和真空。该器件的设计最高工作温度为 2200 °C。这种独特的设备允许在透射模式下通过 X 射线衍射对定向凝固过程和随后的固态反应进行原位检查。在这个项目中，