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Completing the Enalaprilat Excretion Pathway—Renal Handling by the Proximal Tubule
Pharmaceutics ( IF 4.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-30 , DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12100935
Nori J. L. Smeets , Carlijn H. C. Litjens , Jeroen J. M. W. van den Heuvel , Hedwig van Hove , Petra van den Broek , Frans G. M. Russel , Jan B. Koenderink , Saskia N. de Wildt

Background: Enalapril is often used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Clinical data suggest that the urinary excretion of enalaprilat, the active metabolite of enalapril, is mediated by renal transporters. We aimed to identify enalaprilat specificity for renal proximal tubular transporters. Methods: Baculovirus-transduced HEK293 cells overexpressing proximal tubular transporters were used to study enalaprilat cellular uptake. Uptake into cells overexpressing the basolateral transporters OCT2, OAT1, OAT2, or OAT3 and apical transporters OAT4, PEPT1, PEPT2, OCTN1, OCTN2, MATE1, MATE2k, and URAT1 was compared with mock-transduced control cells. Transport by renal efflux transporters MRP2, MPR4, P-gp, and BCRP was tested using a vesicular assay. Enalaprilat concentrations were measured using LC-MS/MS. Results: Uptake of enalaprilat into cells expressing OAT3 as well as OAT4 was significantly higher compared to control cells. The enalaprilat affinity for OAT3 was 640 (95% CI: 520–770) µM. For OAT4, no reliable affinity constant could be determined using concentrations up to 3 mM. No transport was observed for other transporters. Conclusion: The affinity of enalaprilat for OAT3 and OAT4 was notably low compared to other substrates. Taking this affinity and clinically relevant plasma concentrations of enalaprilat and other OAT3 substrates into account, we believe that drug–drug interactions on a transporter level do not have a therapeutic consequence and will not require dose adjustments of enalaprilat itself or other OAT3 substrates.

中文翻译:

完成Enalaprilat排泄途径-近端小管的肾脏处理

背景:依那普利通常用于治疗心血管疾病。临床数据表明,依那普利的活性代谢产物依那普利的尿排泄是由肾脏转运蛋白介导的。我们旨在鉴定对肾近端肾小管转运蛋白的依那普利拉特异性。方法:使用杆状病毒转导的过表达近端肾小管转运蛋白的HEK293细胞来研究Enalaprilat细胞的摄取。将摄取过量表达基底外侧转运蛋白OCT2,OAT1,OAT2或OAT3和顶端转运蛋白OAT4,PEPT1,PEPT2,OCTN1,OCTN2,MATE1,MATE2k和URAT1的细胞与模拟转导的对照细胞进行比较。使用水泡测定法检测肾外排转运蛋白MRP2,MPR4,P-gp和BCRP的转运。使用LC-MS / MS测量恩那普利拉浓度。结果:与对照细胞相比,依那普利拉对表达OAT3和OAT4的细胞的摄取明显更高。依那普利对OAT3的亲和力为640(95%CI:520–770)µM。对于OAT4,使用高达3 mM的浓度无法确定可靠的亲和常数。其他运输者未观察到运输。结论:与其他底物相比,依那普利拉对OAT3和OAT4的亲和力明显较低。考虑到依那普利拉和其他OAT3底物的亲和力和临床相关血浆浓度,我们认为转运蛋白水平的药物相互作用不具有治疗效果,因此不需要调整依那普利拉本身或其他OAT3底物的剂量。依那普利对OAT3的亲和力为640(95%CI:520–770)µM。对于OAT4,使用高达3 mM的浓度无法确定可靠的亲和常数。其他运输者未观察到运输。结论:与其他底物相比,依那普利拉对OAT3和OAT4的亲和力明显较低。考虑到依那普利拉和其他OAT3底物的亲和力和临床相关血浆浓度,我们认为转运蛋白水平的药物相互作用不具有治疗效果,因此不需要调整依那普利拉本身或其他OAT3底物的剂量。依那普利对OAT3的亲和力为640(95%CI:520–770)µM。对于OAT4,使用高达3 mM的浓度无法确定可靠的亲和常数。其他运输者未观察到运输。结论:与其他底物相比,依那普利拉对OAT3和OAT4的亲和力明显较低。考虑到依那普利拉和其他OAT3底物的亲和力和临床相关血浆浓度,我们认为转运蛋白水平的药物相互作用不具有治疗效果,因此不需要调整依那普利拉本身或其他OAT3底物的剂量。与其他底物相比,依那普利拉对OAT3和OAT4的亲和力很低。考虑到依那普利拉和其他OAT3底物的亲和力和临床相关血浆浓度,我们认为转运蛋白水平的药物相互作用不具有治疗效果,因此不需要调整依那普利拉本身或其他OAT3底物的剂量。与其他底物相比,依那普利拉对OAT3和OAT4的亲和力很低。考虑到依那普利拉和其他OAT3底物的亲和力和临床相关血浆浓度,我们认为转运蛋白水平的药物相互作用不具有治疗效果,因此不需要调整依那普利拉本身或其他OAT3底物的剂量。
更新日期:2020-09-30
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