In order to validate the numerical methods aimed at the simulation of fast transient flows involving sediment transport and morphological changes, data are required. However, field data are scarce, or, if existing, are often inaccurate or incomplete, due to the difficulty of taking reliable measurements in such difficult flow conditions. Laboratory experiments constitute a good alternative to obtain validation data for numerical models. When performing simplified experiments, a limited number of well-identified flow features can be highlighted if appropriate measurements are taken. Advances in experimental techniques in the last decades have significantly enlarged the field of possible data acquisition, especially thanks to the development of non-intrusive techniques such as digital imagery. Non-intrusive techniques are of paramount importance when considering sediment transport because a measurement device interacting with the flow would also modify the observed morphological features. In this paper, several imaging-based techniques are presented for waterlevel and bed evolution measurements. The key features and advantages are discussed but also the drawbacks of those techniques. The discussion is illustrated by different examples that have resulted in data sets commonly used by scientists all over the world to test their numerical simulation tools.

中文翻译：

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涉及沉积物迁移和形态变化的自由表面流成像测量技术综述

为了验证旨在模拟涉及沉积物运输和形态变化的快速瞬态流的数值方法，需要数据。然而，由于在这种困难的流动条件下难以进行可靠的测量，现场数据很少，或者，如果存在，通常是不准确或不完整的。实验室实验是获得数值模型验证数据的一个很好的选择。在进行简化实验时，如果进行了适当的测量，可以突出显示数量有限的良好识别的流动特征。过去几十年实验技术的进步显着扩大了可能的数据采集领域，特别是由于数字图像等非侵入性技术的发展。在考虑沉积物运输时，非侵入式技术至关重要，因为与水流相互作用的测量设备也会改变观察到的形态特征。在本文中，介绍了几种用于水位和河床演化测量的基于成像的技术。讨论了主要特征和优点，但也讨论了这些技术的缺点。讨论通过不同的例子来说明，这些例子产生了世界各地科学家普遍使用的数据集来测试他们的数值模拟工具。讨论了主要特征和优点，但也讨论了这些技术的缺点。讨论通过不同的例子来说明，这些例子产生了世界各地科学家普遍使用的数据集来测试他们的数值模拟工具。讨论了主要特征和优点，但也讨论了这些技术的缺点。讨论通过不同的例子来说明，这些例子产生了世界各地科学家普遍使用的数据集来测试他们的数值模拟工具。