ABSTRACT

In an ecological model, many strategies and tools are needed to help respond to sexual assault in terms of risk, response, recovery, and prevention. A holistic strategy should be based on empirical research evidence and informed by a critical intersectional analysis of women’s social location/gender inequality in society. In addition, rape prevention should include efforts to increase women’s ability to avoid rape and its associated deleterious outcomes. This article critically reviews arguments and research regarding rape resistance and self-defense training to support a multi-faceted rationale for including rape resistance as a central piece of rape prevention efforts in a society characterized by high rape rates. Contrary to some arguments against resistance training, I argue that rape resistance is not mutually exclusive or contradictory to other forms of rape prevention, including bystander intervention, which ultimately also relies on individuals to intervene to stop sexual assaults. Community responsibility is important, but should not be framed as better than other forms of individual and collective empowerment or sufficient to stop rape. An effective approach must include education, prevention, and activism at multiple levels of the social ecology.

摘要

在生态模型中，需要许多策略和工具来帮助应对性侵犯的风险、反应、恢复和预防。整体战略应以实证研究证据为基础，并以对女性社会地位/社会性别不平等的关键交叉分析为依据。此外，强奸预防应包括努力提高妇女避免强奸及其相关有害后果的能力。本文批判性地回顾了关于强奸抵抗和自卫训练的论点和研究，以支持将强奸抵抗作为高强奸率社会中强奸预防工作的核心部分的多方面理由。与一些反对阻力训练的论点相反，我认为，强奸抵抗与其他形式的强奸预防并不相互排斥或矛盾，包括旁观者干预，这最终也依赖于个人干预以阻止性侵犯。社区责任很重要，但不应被视为优于其他形式的个人和集体赋权或足以制止强奸。有效的方法必须包括社会生态多个层面的教育、预防和行动。