Calving ease (CE) is a trait of economic importance that affects animal welfare and farm profitability. The objective of present study was to investigate genetic and environmental factors affecting CE among Primiparous (PP) and multiparous (MP) buffaloes. A total of 9,627 records from 1999 MP and 2,110 PP recorded during the period from 1988 to 2018 were considered. Herd, season of calving, year of calving, birth weight, parity order and gestation length significantly affected CE rate, while age at first calving and sex of calf had no significant effects. Direct and maternal heritabilities of CE in PP and MP were 0.06 and 0.01, respectively. The low heritability of CE indicated that direct selection may not be an effective method to improve CE trait in Egyptian buffalo.

中文翻译：

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影响埃及水牛产犊难的因素

产犊容易（CE）是一种重要的经济特征，会影响动物的福利和农场的盈利能力。本研究的目的是调查影响初产（PP）和多产（MP）水牛的CE的遗传和环境因素。在1988年至2018年期间，总共考虑了1999年MP中的9,627条记录和2,110 PP中的记录。牛群，产犊季节，产犊年份，出生体重，胎次顺序和妊娠长度对CE发生率有显着影响，而初次产犊的年龄和犊牛性别没有显着影响。CE在PP和MP中的直接和遗传性分别为0.06和0.01。CE的遗传力低表明直接选择可能不是改善埃及水牛CE特性的有效方法。