Parallel evolution is one of the striking patterns in nature. The presence of repeated evolution of the same phenotypes, suites of traits, and adaptations suggests a strong role for natural selection in shaping biological diversity. The reasoning is straightforward: each instance of repeated evolution makes it less likely that these features evolved neutrally or due to stochastic forces in each population or species. With the growing sequencing capability, we are now poised to examine the genetic basis of parallel evolution in model and nonmodel systems. On pages 4102‐4117 of this issue of Molecular Ecology, van Boheemen and Hodgins (2020) provide an exemplar study of this kind, using common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia; Figure 1a). Their study is noteworthy and ambitious in many respects, and we think will serve as a model for studying parallel adaptation, even in nonmodel species.

中文翻译：

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并行适应的种群基因组学

并行进化是自然界中引人注目的模式之一。相同表型，特质和适应性的反复进化表明，自然选择在塑造生物多样性方面发挥着重要作用。道理很简单：每次重复进化的实例都会使这些特征中性或由于每种种群或物种的随机作用力进化的可能性降低。随着测序能力的提高，我们现在准备检查模型和非模型系统中并行进化的遗传基础。在本期《分子生态学》的第4102-4117页中，van Boheemen和Hodgins（2020）使用普通豚草（Ambrosia artemisiifolia; 图1a）。他们的研究在许多方面都是值得关注和雄心勃勃的，而且我们认为，即使在非模型物种中，它们也可以作为研究平行适应的模型。