Knowledge of the rhizosphere and use of quality microbial bioinputs are tools to achieve agricultural sustainability. The impact of management of cover crop–soybean agroecosystems on rhizosphere microbial communities was evaluated. A field experiment in a randomized complete block design with factorial arrangement in sub‐divided plots was performed. Effects of fertilization (0 and 45 kg·ha⁻¹), oats, rye and control without cover crops, plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) co‐inoculation of Azospirillum brasilense and Pseudomonas fluorescens, and three sampling times on microbial counts, community‐level physiological profiles (CLPP) and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T‐RLFP) were studied. CLPP were drastically changed at three sampling times: before glyphosate, after glyphosate and at soybean harvest. Before glyphosate application, the interaction between PGPR inoculation and coverage treatments modified the functional and structural profiles of the rhizosphere microbial communities. Furthermore, the highest microbial counts and the greatest functional diversity indices were observed before glyphosate application but significantly decayed after glyphosate application and at soybean harvest, showing a permanent impact of glyphosate application on the rhizosphere microbial community functionality, which was confirmed with several statistical analyses. For the cover crop–soybean agroecosystems, we can conclude that the rhizosphere microbial communities showed high sensitivity to glyphosate. PGPR inoculation only increased the aerial biomass of rye at the jointing and grain‐filling stages. Inoculated plants without fertilization and non‐inoculated plants with fertilization showed similar aerial biomass production of this crop. This work demonstrates that different management decisions can change plant–microorganism relationships in the rhizospheres of cover crops and impact aboveground biomass production. A better understanding of microbial ecology will allow the sustainable use of available resources.

中文翻译：

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覆盖作物－大豆农业生态系统管理对根际微生物群落的影响

根际知识和使用优质微生物生物投入物是实现农业可持续性的工具。评估了覆盖作物－大豆农业生态系统的管理对根际微生物群落的影响。在细分图块中以因子分解法进行了随机完整块设计的现场试验。施肥（0和45 kg·ha ^-1），燕麦，黑麦和无遮盖作物的控制的影响，共同促进巴西固氮螺菌和荧光假单胞菌对根瘤菌（PGPR）的植物生长接种，研究了三个采样时间的微生物计数，群落水平的生理特征（CLPP）和末端限制性片段长度多态性（T-RLFP）。CLPP在三个采样时间发生了巨大变化：草甘膦之前，草甘膦之后和大豆收获时。在使用草甘膦之前，PGPR接种和覆盖处理之间的相互作用改变了根际微生物群落的功能和结构特征。此外，在使用草甘膦之前观察到最高的微生物数量和最大的功能多样性指数，但在施用草甘膦之后和大豆收获后则显着下降，这表明草甘膦对根际微生物群落功能的永久性影响，已通过多项统计分析得到了证实。对于覆盖作物-大豆农业生态系统，我们可以得出结论，根际微生物群落对草甘膦表现出很高的敏感性。PGPR接种仅在拔节和灌浆阶段增加了黑麦的空中生物量。未施肥的已接种植物和未施肥的未接种植物显示出该作物相似的空中生物量生产。这项工作表明，不同的管理决策可以改变覆盖作物根际中植物与微生物的关系，并影响地上生物量的生产。对微生物生态学的更好理解将使可持续利用现有资源成为可能。PGPR接种仅在拔节和灌浆阶段增加了黑麦的空中生物量。未施肥的已接种植物和未施肥的未接种植物显示出该作物相似的空中生物量生产。这项工作表明，不同的管理决策可以改变覆盖作物根际中植物与微生物的关系，并影响地上生物量的生产。对微生物生态学的更好理解将使可持续利用现有资源成为可能。PGPR接种仅在拔节和灌浆阶段增加了黑麦的空中生物量。未施肥的已接种植物和未施肥的未接种植物显示出该作物相似的空中生物量生产。这项工作表明，不同的管理决策可以改变覆盖作物根际中植物与微生物的关系，并影响地上生物量的生产。对微生物生态学的更好理解将使可持续利用现有资源成为可能。这项工作表明，不同的管理决策可以改变覆盖作物根际中植物与微生物的关系，并影响地上生物量的生产。对微生物生态学的更好理解将使可持续利用现有资源成为可能。这项工作表明，不同的管理决策可以改变覆盖作物根际中植物与微生物的关系，并影响地上生物量的生产。对微生物生态学的更好理解将使可持续利用现有资源成为可能。