Honey bees and other wild bee species including bumble bees have experienced population declines in recent decades. Although many stressors are implicated in bee population declines, much attention has focused on neonicotinoid pesticides, which are widely used and known to be toxic to pollinators. One neonicotinoid, acetamiprid, has been studied very little in bumble bees, despite its use on bumble bee–pollinated crops. We assessed the impacts of acetamiprid to the North American bumble bee Bombus impatiens using the microcolony model. We examined nest growth, development, and subsequent nest productivity as measured by drone production. We found that high concentrations of acetamiprid in pollen (4520 µg/kg) significantly impacted nest growth, development, and, ultimately, reproduction (drone production). We found the no‐observable–adverse effect level to be 45.2 µg/kg. Overall, acetamiprid has the potential to negatively impact reproductive endpoints for B. impatiens. However, effects occurred at concentrations substantially higher than expected environmental concentrations that would be achieved when following label rates. Further work is required to assess the effects of this pesticide on B. impatiens via alternate routes of exposure and on queenright colonies. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:2560–2569. © 2020 SETAC. This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.

中文翻译：

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花粉中新烟碱类啶虫脒对凤仙花小菌落发育的影响

近几十年来，蜜蜂和包括大黄蜂在内的其他野生蜜蜂物种的数量出现了下降。尽管许多压力源与蜜蜂种群数量下降有关，但很多注意力都集中在新烟碱类杀虫剂上，这种杀虫剂被广泛使用并且已知对传粉媒介有毒。一种新烟碱类化合物啶虫脒在大黄蜂中的研究很少，尽管它用于大黄蜂授粉的作物。我们评估了啶虫脒对北美大黄蜂Bombus impatiens的影响使用微菌落模型。我们通过无人机生产来衡量巢穴的生长、发育和随后的巢穴生产力。我们发现花粉中高浓度的啶虫脒 (4520 µg/kg) 显着影响巢穴的生长、发育以及最终的繁殖（无人机生产）。我们发现不可观察的不利影响水平为 45.2 µg/kg。总体而言，啶虫脒有可能对凤仙花的生殖终点产生负面影响。然而，影响发生的浓度大大高于遵循标签率时将达到的预期环境浓度。需要进一步的工作来评估这种杀虫剂对B.凤仙花通过替代暴露途径和对皇后菌落的影响。环境毒物化学2020；39：2560–2569。© 2020 SETAC。本文由美国政府雇员贡献，他们的工作在美国属于公共领域。