Poor safety performance is a serious problem in the construction industry. Safety program implementation has always been one of the most successful actions to reduce construction accidents. This research aims to identify barriers to the implementation of safety programs in the construction industry. It begins with identifying barriers to the implementation of safety programs from the literature review. Further barriers were identified from semi-structured interviews conducted with experts in the construction industry in Iraq. The exploratory factor analysis (EFA) technique was used to evaluate data collected from the survey, reduce the number of factors and establish relationships between variables. Based on the analysis, the 12 barriers were grouped into four dimensions: non-conductive work climate, poor governance, poor safety awareness, and unsupportive industry norms. Partial Least Square Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM) was conducted to validate the EFA results through assessing the relationships between constructed and items. It is recommended that a system of governance at the national level is developed to take these barriers down and improve safety performance in the construction industry.

安全性能差是建筑行业中的一个严重问题。实施安全计划始终是减少施工事故最成功的措施之一。这项研究旨在确定在建筑行业实施安全计划的障碍。首先从文献综述中确定实施安全计划的障碍。从与伊拉克建筑业专家进行的半结构化访谈中发现了进一步的障碍。探索性因素分析（EFA）技术用于评估从调查中收集的数据，减少因素的数量并建立变量之间的关系。根据分析，将这12个障碍分为四个维度：非传导性工作环境，不良治理，不良安全意识，和不支持的行业规范。进行了偏最小二乘结构方程模型（PLS-SEM），以通过评估构造和项目之间的关系来验证EFA结果。建议建立国家层面的治理体系，以消除这些障碍并改善建筑业的安全绩效。