COVID-19 is a present-day complex pandemic infection with unpredictable levels of morbidity and mortality in various global populations. COVID-19 is associated with the different comorbidities with its change in biological function such as causing heart dysfunction via deregulating ACE-2 receptor, gastrointestinal risk via causing vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain, chronic kidney disease via proteinuria and hematuria, diabetes mellitus, liver injury via increasing ALT, AST and bilirubin level, lung injury, CNS risk, ocular risk, and cancer risk. In this, we are focused on the COVID-19 connected with male infertility. Some of the studies show that the patients of COVID-19 are associated with impaired spermatogenesis. Impaired spermatogenesis via COVID-19 decreases the level of testosterone by disturbing cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-12 and further, attenuates the sperm count. COVID-19 is causing inflammation via TNF-α and interferons. IL-4 plays an eminent role in the activation of the JAK-STAT pathway and leads to the disturbing pro-inflammatory cytokine as well as further cause’s male infertility. Th2 activates the IL-4 through IgG and IgE and mediates apoptosis with the triggering of STAT signaling. The activated STAT signaling augments Batf/Irf4, and the Bach2/Batf pathway. On the other hand, SARS-CoV-2 is activating the level of Th2 cells. So, we hypothesized that the augmented Th2 cells would disturb the level of IL-4, JAK-STAT signaling, Batf/Irf4, and Bach2/Batf pathway. The disturbed IL-4 decreases the level of the ACE-2 with the inflammation. This further leads to male infertility in COVID-19 patients. So, in this hypothesis, we focused on the role of IL-4 in COVID-19 patients associated with male infertility via Th2 cells and JAK-STAT signaling.

COVID-19 是当今复杂的大流行性感染，在全球不同人群中具有不可预测的发病率和死亡率水平。COVID-19 与不同的合并症相关，其生物学功能发生变化，例如通过放松 ACE-2 受体引起心脏功能障碍，通过引起呕吐、腹泻和腹痛引起胃肠道风险，通过蛋白尿和血尿引起慢性肾病，糖尿病，通过增加 ALT、AST 和胆红素水平、肺损伤、CNS 风险、眼部风险和癌症风险而导致的肝损伤。在此，我们专注于与男性不育症相关的 COVID-19。一些研究表明，COVID-19 患者与精子发生受损有关。COVID-19 导致的精子发生受损会通过干扰细胞因子（例如 TNF-α、IL-4、IL-6、和 IL-12，进一步减少精子数量。COVID-19 通过 TNF-α 和干扰素引起炎症。IL-4 在 JAK-STAT 通路的激活中起着重要作用，并导致令人不安的促炎细胞因子以及进一步导致男性不育。Th2 通过 IgG 和 IgE 激活 IL-4，并通过触发 STAT 信号传导介导细胞凋亡。激活的 STAT 信号增强了 Batf/Irf4 和 Bach2/Batf 通路。另一方面，SARS-CoV-2 正在激活 Th2 细胞水平。因此，我们假设增强的 Th2 细胞会干扰 IL-4、JAK-STAT 信号、Batf/Irf4 和 Bach2/Batf 通路的水平。受到干扰的 IL-4 会随着炎症降低 ACE-2 的水平。这进一步导致了 COVID-19 患者的男性不育。所以，在这个假设中，