Background

Disparities in vaccine-preventable disease (VPD) burden and immunisation coverage between migrants and refugees and their host populations have been described in numerous countries worldwide. Effective strategies are required to reduce the health disparities and immunisation inequities experienced by migrants and refugees.

Methods

Using Arksey and O’Malley’s framework, we conducted a scoping review to identify available literature on interventions aimed at reducing VPD burden among migrants and refugees worldwide. We searched for relevant empirical, peer-reviewed literature published in English between 2006 and 2018 using MEDLINE, Ovid EMBASE, CINAHL, Sociological Abstracts, and Web of Science databases. Relevant information from the studies, including intervention type, details and outcomes, were charted in Microsoft Excel and results were summarised using a descriptive analytical method.

Results

Seventy studies met the inclusion criteria. The number of published studies increased over the years. The majority of studies were conducted in high-income countries. More studies were conducted among migrants (not including refugees) (n = 48, 66%) than specifically among refugees (n = 25, 34%). Interventions were implemented in a variety of settings, including health care (n = 31, 42%), community (n = 29, 39%), off-shore (n = 7, 9%), national (n = 4, 5%), school (n = 2, 3%), and workplace (n = 1, 1%). Studies reported interventions focused at the individual (to facilitate uptake of health services) (n = 4, 5%), community (to raise awareness) (n = 25, 34%), provider (to offer health services) (n = 12, 16%) and/or system (to increase compliance with recommendations) (n = 33, 45%) level. To be effective, interventions were designed to overcome commonly identified barriers to accessing services related to language, culture, distance and cost. Engagement with community members and organisations was an effective way to co-design interventions that address migrants’ specific needs.

Conclusions

Studies emphasised the importance of interventions that address the heterogeneity within and between migrant and refugee populations. Considerable variation in practice remains, therefore more evaluation of interventions is needed to inform policy and programme decision-making.

中文翻译：

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减少全球移民和难民中疫苗可预防疾病负担的干预措施：2006-2018年出版文献的范围回顾

背景

全世界许多国家已经描述了移民与难民及其收容人口之间的疫苗可预防疾病（VPD）负担和免疫覆盖率方面的差异。需要采取有效的战略来减少移民和难民遭受的健康差距和免疫不平等现象。

方法

使用Arksey和O'Malley的框架，我们进行了范围界定审查，以查找有关旨在减轻全球移民和难民中VPD负担的干预措施的现有文献。我们使用MEDLINE，Ovid EMBASE，CINAHL，Sociological Abstracts和Web of Science数据库搜索了2006年至2018年之间以英语发表的相关经验，经同行评审的文献。研究的相关信息（包括干预类型，详细信息和结果）已在Microsoft Excel中绘制成图表，并使用描述性分析方法对结果进行了汇总。

结果

七十项研究符合纳入标准。这些年来，已发表的研究数量有所增加。大多数研究是在高收入国家进行的。在移民（不包括难民）（n = 48，66％）中进行的研究比在难民（n = 25，34％）中进行的研究更多。干预措施在各种环境下实施，包括医疗保健（n = 31，42％），社区（n = 29，39％），离岸（n = 7、9％），国家（n = 4，5 ％），学校（n = 2、3％）和工作场所（n = 1、1％）。研究报告了针对个人（以促进卫生服务的采用）（n = 4、5％），社区（以提高认识）（n = 25、34％），提供者（以提供卫生服务）（n = 12）为目标的干预措施，16％）和/或系统（以提高对建议的遵守程度）（n = 33，45％）级别。为了有效，设计干预措施是为了克服通常发现的获取语言，文化，距离和成本相关服务的障碍。与社区成员和组织的参与是共同设计满足移民特殊需求的干预措施的有效途径。

结论

研究强调了解决移民和难民人口内部和之间的异质性的干预措施的重要性。实践中仍存在相当大的差异，因此需要对干预措施进行更多评估，以为政策和计划决策提供依据。