Abstract In the light of fabricating an efficient electrochromic device with fast response, various nanostructures of polyaniline (PANI) have been synthesized using facile surfactant assisted electrochemical polymerization. Effect of polarity of surfactant head on the shape and size of PANI structure is investigated by taking neutral, anionic and cationic surfactants. In the process, different shape transitions were observed like from nanospheres to nanorods to nanosheets, from nanospheres to ellipsoidal nanoparticles and from nanorings to nanorods to nanosheets. Effect of different surfactants on electrochemical and electrochromic behavior was analyzed. The anionic surfactant, SDS (sodiumdodecylsulphate) in particular due to its doping ability, was found more capable for enhancing electrochromic property. Long entangled nanorods of PANI (25 nm diameter), were found to exhibit best electrochromic behavior with superior contrast of 51% and fastest response of 0.5 s/0.3 s. Being of opposite polarity SDS was found to enhance the electrochemical stability upto 5000 cycles.

中文翻译：

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表面活性剂极性对电化学合成聚苯胺纳米结构形态的影响：实现更快、更有效的电致变色响应

摘要 为了制造具有快速响应的高效电致变色器件，使用简便的表面活性剂辅助电化学聚合合成了聚苯胺（PANI）的各种纳米结构。采用中性、阴离子和阳离子表面活性剂研究了表面活性剂头的极性对PANI结构形状和尺寸的影响。在这个过程中，观察到不同的形状转变，如从纳米球到纳米棒到纳米片，从纳米球到椭圆形纳米粒子，从纳米环到纳米棒到纳米片。分析了不同表面活性剂对电化学和电致变色行为的影响。阴离子表面活性剂 SDS（十二烷基硫酸钠）特别是由于其掺杂能力，被发现更能增强电致变色性能。发现长缠结的 PANI 纳米棒（直径 25 nm）表现出最佳的电致变色行为，具有 51% 的优异对比度和 0.5 s/0.3 s 的最快响应。发现具有相反极性的 SDS 可将电化学稳定性提高至 5000 次循环。