Arachidonic acid (AA) is a precursor of enzymatic and non-enzymatic oxidized products such as prostaglandins, thromboxanes, leukotrienes, lipoxins, and isoprostanes. These products may exert signaling or damaging roles during physiological and pathological conditions, some of them being markers of oxidative stress linked to inflammation. Recent data support the concept that cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX), and cytochrome P450 (CYP450) followed by cytosolic and microsomal dehydrogenases can convert AA to lipid-derived electrophiles (LDE). Lipid-derived electrophiles are fatty acid derivatives bearing an electron-withdrawing group that can react with nucleophiles at proteins, DNA, and small antioxidant molecules exerting potent signaling properties. This review aims to describe the formation, sources, and electrophilic anti-inflammatory actions of key mammalian LDE.

花生四烯酸 (AA) 是酶促和非酶促氧化产物的前体，例如前列腺素、血栓素、白三烯、脂氧素和异前列腺素。这些产品可能在生理和病理条件下发挥信号传导或破坏作用，其中一些是与炎症相关的氧化应激的标志物。最近的数据支持这样的概念：环氧合酶 (COX)、脂氧合酶 (LOX) 和细胞色素 P450 (CYP450) 以及胞质和微粒体脱氢酶可以将 AA 转化为脂质衍生的亲电子试剂 (LDE)。脂质衍生的亲电子试剂是带有吸电子基团的脂肪酸衍生物，可以与蛋白质、DNA 和小抗氧化剂分子上的亲核试剂发生反应，发挥有效的信号传导特性。本综述旨在描述关键哺乳动物 LDE 的形成、来源和亲电子抗炎作用。