Abstract Jellyfish are non-model organisms that have brought the scientific community's attention over the last decades since the frequency and intensity of these species blooms around the world have increased significantly. The occurrence of blooms has been hypothesized due to the rise in seawater temperature associated with climate change. This fact has promoted an increased interest in studying jellyfish metabolic responses to face thermal stress and maintain cell homeostasis. In this study, the response of the cannonball jellyfish Stomolophus meleagris to short-term exposure to different temperatures was evaluated. The survival and respiratory rates, and the concentration of glucose, L-lactate, glycogen, ATP, and total soluble protein in the umbrella of adult jellyfish were measured. Low survival rates at extreme temperatures (18 and 33 °C) and an increase in the jellyfish respiratory rates were observed as seawater temperature raised. Rapid changes were detected in energy substrates such as glucose and glycogen that significantly varied at extreme temperatures and longer exposure periods. L-lactate levels increased after 2 h of exposure, and then remained steady at longer times of exposure. Soluble protein concentration decreased significantly in jellyfish exposed to extreme temperatures, and ATP increased after exposure to non-optimal temperatures (18, 28, and 33 °C). These results suggest that S. meleagris faces temperature changes through rapid metabolic responses that use energetic reserves, activate anaerobic metabolism, and display a remarkable ability to synthesize ATP and maintain energy, even at long exposure.

中文翻译：

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炮弹水母 Stomolophus meleagris 在短期暴露于热应力下的代谢反应

摘要 水母是一种非模式生物，在过去几十年中引起了科学界的关注，因为这些物种在世界范围内的繁殖频率和强度显着增加。由于与气候变化相关的海水温度升高，人们假设水华的发生。这一事实促进了人们对研究水母面对热应激和维持细胞稳态的代谢反应的兴趣。在这项研究中，评估了炮弹水母 Stomolophus meleagris 对短期暴露于不同温度的反应。测量了成年水母伞中的存活率和呼吸率，以及葡萄糖、L-乳酸、糖原、ATP 和总可溶性蛋白的浓度。随着海水温度升高，观察到极端温度（18 和 33 °C）下的存活率较低，并且水母呼吸频率增加。在能量底物（如葡萄糖和糖原）中检测到快速变化，在极端温度和更长的暴露时间下它们显着变化。L-乳酸水平在暴露 2 小时后增加，然后在更长的暴露时间内保持稳定。暴露于极端温度的水母的可溶性蛋白浓度显着降低，暴露于非最佳温度（18、28 和 33°C）后 ATP 增加。这些结果表明，S. meleagris 通过使用能量储备的快速代谢反应来应对温度变化，激活无氧代谢，并显示出非凡的合成 ATP 和维持能量的能力，即使在长时间暴露下也是如此。