There has been an increasing demand for bioengineered blood vessels for utilization in both regenerative medicine and drug screening. However, the availability of a true bioengineered vascular graft remains limited. Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting presents a potential approach for fabricating blood vessels or vascularized tissue constructs of various architectures and sizes for transplantation and regeneration. In this review, we summarize the basic biology of different blood vessels, as well as 3D bioprinting approaches and bioink designs that have been applied to fabricate vascular and vascularized tissue constructs, with a focus on small-diameter blood vessels.

对用于再生医学和药物筛选的生物工程血管的需求不断增加。然而，真正的生物工程血管移植物的可用性仍然有限。三维 (3D) 生物打印为制造用于移植和再生的各种结构和尺寸的血管或血管化组织构造提供了一种潜在的方法。在这篇综述中，我们总结了不同血管的基本生物学，以及已应用于制造血管和血管化组织结构的 3D 生物打印方法和生物墨水设计，重点是小直径血管。