This paper presents the first comparative study of fabricating reference porous media with three different additive manufacturing (AM) techniques, namely Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM), Stereolithography (SLA) and HP Multi Jet Fusion (MJF). Various parameters in each step of these 3D printed reference media that contribute to model inaccuracy, including the intrinsic limitations of each printing technology are examined. The analysis of repeatability and dimensional accuracy of 3D printed parts shows that SLA yields the highest integrity in 3D printed reference medium with tolerances well below 2% of the nominal thickness of the mould. Hence the reference medium processed via SLA is tested for the permeability study. Statistical analysis based on 20 measurements of permeability using the same set-up shows a coefficient of variation of less than 2%, confirming the elimination of the inherent source of variability in real textile.

本文介绍了使用三种不同的增材制造（AM）技术制造参考多孔介质的首次比较研究，这些技术分别是熔融沉积建模（FDM），立体光刻（SLA）和HP Multi Jet Fusion（MJF）。在这些3D打印参考介质的每个步骤中，各种参数都会导致模型不准确，其中包括每种打印技术的固有局限性。对3D打印零件的重复性和尺寸精度的分析表明，SLA在3D打印参考介质中具有最高的完整性，其公差远低于模具标称厚度的2％。因此，将对通过SLA处理的参考介质进行渗透性研究测试。