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Proactive gaze is present during biological and non-biological motion observation
Cognition ( IF 2.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-30 , DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2020.104461
Laila Craighero 1 , Sonia Mele 1
Affiliation  

Others' action observation activates in the observer a coordinated hand-eye motor program, covert for the hand (i.e. motor resonance), and overt for the eye (i.e. proactive gaze), similar to that of the observed agent. The biological motion hypothesis of action anticipation claims that proactive gaze occurs only in the presence of biological motion, and that kinematic information is sufficient to determine the anticipation process. The results of the present study did not support the biological motion hypothesis of action anticipation. Specifically, proactive gaze was present during observation of both a biological accelerated-decelerated motion and a non-biological constant velocity motion (Experiment 1), in the presence of a barrier able to restrict differences between the two kinematics to the motion profile of individual markers prior to contact (Experiment 2), but only if an object was present at the end point of the movement trajectory (Experiment 3). Furthermore, proactive gaze was found independently of the presence of end effects temporally congruent with the instant in which the movement stopped (Experiments 4, and 5). We propose that the involvement of the observer's motor system is not restricted to when the agent moves with natural kinematics, and it is mandatory whenever the presence of an agent or a goal is evident, regardless of physical appearance, natural kinematics, and the possibility to identify the action behind the stimulus.



中文翻译:

在生物和非生物运动观察过程中会出现主动注视

其他人的动作观察会在观察者中激活协调的手眼运动程序,类似于手的隐蔽(即运动共振),而对眼睛的显性(即主动注视),类似于被观察者的行为。动作预期的生物运动假设声称,主动注视仅在存在生物运动的情况下发生,并且运动学信息足以确定预期过程。本研究的结果不支持行动预期的生物运动假说。具体来说,在观察生物的加速-减速运动和非生物的等速运动时都会出现主动凝视(实验1),在能够将两种运动学之间的差异限制为接触之前各个标记的运动曲线的障碍物存在下(实验2),但前提是在运动轨迹的终点存在物体(实验3)。此外,发现了主动注视,而与在运动停止的瞬间在时间上一致的最终效果的存在无关(实验4和5)。我们建议观察者的运动系统的参与不限于智能体以自然运动学运动的情况,并且无论物理外观,自然运动学以及是否存在运动的可能性,只要有智能体或目标的存在是明显的,观察者的运动系统的参与都是强制性的。确定刺激措施的作用。但前提是在运动轨迹的终点存在一个对象(实验3)。此外,发现了主动注视,而与在运动停止的瞬间在时间上一致的最终效果的存在无关(实验4和5)。我们建议观察者的运动系统的参与不限于智能体以自然运动学运动的情况,并且无论物理外观,自然运动学以及是否存在运动的可能性,只要有智能体或目标的存在是明显的,观察者的运动系统的参与都是强制性的。确定刺激措施的作用。但前提是在运动轨迹的终点存在一个对象(实验3)。此外,发现了主动注视,而与在运动停止的瞬间在时间上一致的最终效果的存在无关(实验4和5)。我们建议观察者的运动系统的参与不限于智能体以自然运动学运动的情况,并且无论物理外观,自然运动学以及是否存在运动的可能性,只要有智能体或目标的存在是明显的,观察者的运动系统的参与都是强制性的。确定刺激措施的作用。

更新日期:2020-09-30
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