Abstract The origin of groundwater recharge and subsequent flow paths are often difficult to establish in fractured, multi-lithological, and highly compartmentalized aquifers such as the Troodos Fractured Aquifer (TFA). As the conjunctive use of stable isotopes and hydrogeochemical data provides additional information, we established a monitoring network for stable isotopes in precipitation in Cyprus. The local meteoric water line, altitude effect and seasonal variation of stable isotopes in precipitation are derived from monitoring data. Stable isotopes and hydrogeochemical data are combined to model water-rock interactions and groundwater evolution along a complete ophiolite sequence. As a result a generic hydrogeologic description for the observed water types is developed. Isotope hydrology was applied in conjunction with hydrogeochemical modelling in Kargiotis Watershed, a major north-south transect of the TFA. PHREEQC was used for hydrogeochemical modelling to establish generic descriptions for observed water types. Mean precipitation-weighted values from 16 monitoring stations were used to calculate the Local Meteoric Water Line (LMWL), which was found to be equal to δ2H = (6.58±0.13)*δ18O + (12.64±0.91). A general decrease of 1.22‰ for δ2H and 0.20‰ for δ18O in precipitation was calculated per 100 m altitude. A generic groundwater evolution path was established: 1. Na/MgClHCO3, 2. MgHCO3, 3. Ca/MgHCO3, 4. Ca/MgNaHCO3, 4a. MgNa/CaHCO3/Cl, 5. NaMg/CaHCO3/Cl, 6. NaHCO3, 7. Na/MgHCO3SO4, 8. NaSO4Cl/HCO3. Hydrogeologic descriptions, consisting of groundwater origin, flow path and possible active water-rock processes, have been realised for the observed water types. The first two water types occur in serpentine and ultramafic-gabbro springs. Type 3 waters represent early stages of recharge and/or short flow paths, in gabbro whereas types 4 and 5 are typical for further percolating waters in gabbro and diabase. Water types 6 and 7 occur both in diabase and in the basal group and represent the regional flow. Water type 8 is the end member of regional, upwelling groundwater in the basal group. The presented descriptions and methods have practical applications in groundwater exploration, characterization, and protection. The methodology can be applied in other complex aquifer systems.

中文翻译：

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塞浦路斯 Troodos 断裂含水层的同位素水文学和水文地球化学模型：观测水​​类型的水文地质描述的发展

摘要 在裂缝、多岩性和高度分隔的含水层中，例如特罗多斯裂缝含水层 (TFA)，地下水补给的起源和随后的流动路径通常难以确定。由于稳定同位素和水文地球化学数据的结合使用提供了额外的信息，我们建立了塞浦路斯降水中稳定同位素的监测网络。当地气象水线、海拔效应和降水中稳定同位素的季节变化来源于监测数据。将稳定同位素和水文地球化学数据结合起来，对沿完整蛇绿岩序列的水-岩相互作用和地下水演化进行建模。因此，针对观测到的水类型开发了通用的水文地质描述。在 TFA 的主要南北横断面 Kargiotis 流域，将同位素水文学与水文地球化学模型结合应用。PHREEQC 用于水文地球化学建模，以建立观察到的水类型的通用描述。使用16个监测站的平均降水加权值计算当地气象水线（LMWL），发现等于δ2H =（6.58±0.13）*δ18O +（12.64±0.91）。降水中 δ2H 和 δ18O 普遍下降 1.22‰，δ18O 下降 0.20‰，每 100 m 高度计算。建立了一个通用的地下水演化路径：1. Na/MgClHCO3, 2. MgHCO3, 3. Ca/MgHCO3, 4. Ca/MgNaHCO3, 4a。MgNa/CaHCO3/Cl、5. NaMg/CaHCO3/Cl、6. NaHCO3、7. Na/MgHCO3SO4、8. NaSO4Cl/HCO3。水文地质描述，包括地下水来源、流动路径和可能的活动水岩过程，已经实现了观察到的水类型。前两种水类型出现在蛇纹石和超镁铁辉长岩泉中。类型 3 水代表补给的早期阶段和/或短流径，在辉长岩中，而类型 4 和 5 是典型的在辉长岩和辉绿岩中进一步渗透的水。6 型和 7 型水出现在辉绿岩和基底组中，代表区域流。8 类水是基底组中区域上涌地下水的末端成员。所提出的描述和方法在地下水勘探、表征和保护方面具有实际应用。该方法可以应用于其他复杂的含水层系统。类型 3 水代表补给的早期阶段和/或短流径，在辉长岩中，而类型 4 和 5 是典型的在辉长岩和辉绿岩中进一步渗透的水。6 型和 7 型水出现在辉绿岩和基底组中，代表区域流。8 类水是基底组中区域上涌地下水的末端成员。所提出的描述和方法在地下水勘探、表征和保护方面具有实际应用。该方法可以应用于其他复杂的含水层系统。类型 3 水代表补给的早期阶段和/或短流径，在辉长岩中，而类型 4 和 5 是典型的在辉长岩和辉绿岩中进一步渗透的水。6 型和 7 型水出现在辉绿岩和基底组中，代表区域流。8 类水是基底组中区域上涌地下水的末端成员。所提出的描述和方法在地下水勘探、表征和保护方面具有实际应用。该方法可以应用于其他复杂的含水层系统。所提出的描述和方法在地下水勘探、表征和保护方面具有实际应用。该方法可以应用于其他复杂的含水层系统。所提出的描述和方法在地下水勘探、表征和保护方面具有实际应用。该方法可以应用于其他复杂的含水层系统。