Growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1a (GHSR1a), a member of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family, is a functional receptor of ghrelin. The expression levels and activities of GHSR1a are affected by various factors. In past years, it has been found that the ghrelin-GHSR1a system can perform biological functions such as anti-inflammation, anti-apoptosis, and anti-oxidative stress. In addition to mediating the effect of ghrelin, GHSR1a also has abnormally high constitutive activity; that is, it can still transmit intracellular signals without activation of the ghrelin ligand. This constitutive activity affects brain functions, growth and development of the body; therefore, it has profound impacts on neurodegenerative diseases and some other age-related diseases. In addition, GHSR1a can also form homodimers or heterodimers with other GPCRs, affecting the release of neurotransmitters, appetite regulation, cell proliferation and insulin release. Therefore, further understanding of the constitutive activities and dimerization of GHSR1a will enable us to better clarify the characteristics of GHSR1a and provide more therapeutic targets for drug development. Here, we focus on the roles of GHSR1a in various biological functions and provide a comprehensive summary of the current research on GHSR1a to provide broader therapeutic prospects for age-related disease treatment.

生长激素促分泌素受体1a（GHSR1a）是G蛋白偶联受体（GPCR）家族的成员，是生长素释放肽的功能性受体。GHSR1a的表达水平和活性受多种因素影响。在过去的几年中，已经发现ghrelin-GHSR1a系统可以执行生物学功能，例如抗发炎，抗凋亡和抗氧化应激。GHSR1a除了介导生长素释放肽的作用外，还具有异常高的本构活性。也就是说，它仍然可以传输细胞内信号而不激活ghrelin配体。这种组成性活动影响大脑的功能，身体的生长和发育。因此，它对神经退行性疾病和其他一些与年龄有关的疾病具有深远的影响。此外，GHSR1a还可以与其他GPCR形成同二聚体或异二聚体，影响神经递质的释放，食欲调节，细胞增殖和胰岛素释放。因此，进一步了解GHSR1a的组成活性和二聚化将使我们能够更好地阐明GHSR1a的特征，并为药物开发提供更多治疗靶标。在这里，我们重点研究GHSR1a在各种生物学功能中的作用，并提供有关GHSR1a当前研究的全面综述，以为与年龄相关的疾病治疗提供更广阔的治疗前景。