Atmospheric particulate matter has become a major issue in urban areas from both a health and an environmental perspective. In this context, biomonitoring methods are a potential complement to classical monitoring methods like impactor samplers, being spatially limited due to higher costs. Monitoring using spider webs is compared with the more common moss bag technique in this study, focusing on mass fractions and ratios of elements and the applicability for source identification. Spider webs and moss bags with Hypnum cupressiforme were sampled at the same 15 locations with different types of traffic in the city of Jena, Germany. In the samples, mass fractions of 35 elements, mainly trace metals, were determined using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after aqua regia digestion. Significantly higher mass fractions in spider webs than in moss bags were found, even after a much shorter exposure period, and could not be ascribed completely to a diluting effect by the biological material in the samples. Different mechanisms of particle retention by the two materials are therefore assumed. More significant correlations between elements have been found for the spider web dataset. Those patterns allow for an identification of different sources of particulate matter (e.g. geogenic dust, brake wear), while correlations between elements in the moss bags show a rather general anthropogenic influence. Therefore, it is recommended to use spider webs for the short-term detection of local sources while moss bag biomonitoring is a good tool to show a broader, long-term anthropogenic influence.

从健康和环境的角度来看，大气颗粒物已成为城市地区的主要问题。在这种情况下，生物监测方法是对传统监测方法（如冲击取样器）的潜在补充，由于成本较高，因此在空间上受到限制。在本研究中，使用蜘蛛网进行的监测与更常见的苔藓袋技术进行了比较，重点是元素的质量分数和比例以及源识别的适用性。蜘蛛网和带有Hypnum cupressiforme的苔藓袋在德国耶拿（Jena）市的相同15个地点进行了不同流量的采样。在样品中，王水消化后，使用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法（ICP-OES）和电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）测定了35种元素（主要是痕量金属）的质量分数。即使在很短的暴露时间后，蜘蛛网中的质量分数也明显高于苔藓袋中的质量分数，并且不能完全归因于样品中生物材料的稀释作用。因此，假定两种材料保留颗粒的机制不同。已经为蜘蛛网数据集找到了元素之间更重要的关联。这些模式可以识别不同的颗粒物来源（例如，地质尘埃，刹车磨损），而苔藓袋中元素之间的相关性则显示出相当普遍的人为影响。因此，建议使用蜘蛛网短期检测本地来源，而苔藓袋生物监测是显示更广泛的长期人为影响的好工具。