Plant growth and development are vastly affected by different abiotic and biotic stresses. Seed priming is an effective tool for increasing seed germination and plant growth that will eventually increase productivity under different environmental conditions and stresses. Efficient seed germination promotes successful establishment and deep root system of plants. Among the different seed priming methods, nano-priming is more effective mainly because of its small size and unique physicochemical properties. Since plant species are physiologically different, they differ in their uptake of nanoparticles in nano-priming, and hence in their rate and manner of growth. Most previous studies have separately investigated the effect of nanomaterial on seed germination, growth, and development of one plant at a time. However, very few studies have reported nano-priming effects using different particles on seed germination and seedling growth of forage and medicinal plants together. Therefore, this review summarizes studies of nano-priming effects using various particles on seed germination and seedling growth of forage and medicinal plants. Furthermore, the effect of different nanoparticles on the most important characteristics of germination, morphology and physiology affecting the establishment, growth and production of these plants are reviewed. In general, nano-priming increased seed germination, seedling growth and development, vigor, rate of seedling emergence and subsequent performance in most of the medicinal and forage plants. While the use of nanoparticles enhanced environmental stress resistance of these plants, negative effects of nano-priming on seed germination, seedling and plant growth traits were observed. In addition, future research areas of focus are discussed briefly.

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纳米引发对牧草和药用植物种子萌发和植物生长的影响

植物生长和发育受到不同非生物和生物胁迫的极大影响。种子激发是促进种子发芽和植物生长的有效工具，最终将在不同的环境条件和压力下提高生产力。有效的种子萌发促进植物的成功建立和深根系统。在不同的种子引发方法中，纳米引发更有效，主要是因为其体积小和独特的理化性质。由于植物物种在生理上不同，因此它们在纳米引发中对纳米颗粒的吸收不同，因此它们的生长速度和方式也不同。大多数先前的研究分别研究了纳米材料对一次一株植物的种子萌发、生长和发育的影响。然而，很少有研究报道了使用不同颗粒对牧草和药用植物的种子萌发和幼苗生长的纳米引发效应。因此，本综述总结了使用各种颗粒的纳米引发效应对牧草和药用植物种子萌发和幼苗生长的研究。此外，还综述了不同纳米颗粒对影响这些植物的建立、生长和生产的最重要的发芽、形态和生理特征的影响。一般来说，纳米引发提高了大多数药用和饲料植物的种子发芽、幼苗生长发育、活力、出苗率和随后的性能。虽然纳米粒子的使用增强了这些植物的环境胁迫抗性，观察到纳米引发对种子发芽、幼苗和植物生长性状的负面影响。此外，简要讨论了未来的重点研究领域。