In the era of ubiquitous intelligence, the Internet of Things (IoT) holds the promise as a breakthrough technology to enable diverse applications that benefit societal problems. Yet interconnecting myriad heterogeneous IoT devices across various application domains remain a security challenge. Decentralized technology has recently emerged as a powerful primitive in building distributed applications to facilitate secure transactions between mutually distrustful parties in a trustworthy manner. Unfortunately, these decentralized protocols demand computing resources and power far beyond the reach of resource-constrained IoT devices, preventing the full adoption of distributed consensus platform in the IoT setting. In this article, we address the key bottleneck to enable blockchain in resource-constrained IoT devices. We propose a lightweight implementation of proof-of-work (PoW) mining with reconfigurable hardware primitives. By replacing the hash and cryptographic functions in classic blockchain protocol with secure and efficient hardware implementations, our proposed solution can significantly reduce hardware resources and power overheads of PoW mining, while improving the transaction speed of large-scale IoT systems. Finally, we demonstrate the algorithm by proposing an antispoofing solution for GPS navigation among lightweight IoT devices. As a replacement for position computation, a mining process generates the expected coordinates with the correct initial value and function configuration.

中文翻译：

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PCBChain：用于安全物联网应用的轻量级可重构区块链原语


在智能无处不在的时代，物联网 (IoT) 有望成为一种突破性技术，能够实现多种应用，从而解决社会问题。然而，跨不同应用领域互连无数异构物联网设备仍然是一个安全挑战。去中心化技术最近已成为构建分布式应用程序的强大原语，以促进相互不信任的各方之间以可信赖的方式进行安全交易。不幸的是，这些去中心化协议所需的计算资源和能力远远超出了资源有限的物联网设备的能力范围，从而阻碍了分布式共识平台在物联网环境中的全面采用。在本文中，我们解决了在资源有限的物联网设备中启用区块链的关键瓶颈。我们提出了一种使用可重新配置的硬件原语的工作量证明（PoW）挖掘的轻量级实现。通过用安全高效的硬件实现替换经典区块链协议中的哈希和加密函数，我们提出的解决方案可以显着减少 PoW 挖矿的硬件资源和电力开销，同时提高大规模物联网系统的交易速度。最后，我们通过提出一种用于轻量级 IoT 设备中 GPS 导航的反欺骗解决方案来演示该算法。作为位置计算的替代，挖掘过程会生成具有正确初始值和函数配置的预期坐标。