Research over the last couple of decades has provided novel insights into lactate neurobiology and the implications of lactate transport-driven neuroenergetics in health and diseases of peripheral nerve and the brain. The expression pattern of lactate transporters in glia and neurons has now been described, though notable controversies and discrepancies remain. Importantly, down- and up-regulation experiments are underway to better understand the function of these transporters in different systems. Lactate transporters in peripheral nerves are important for maintenance of axon and myelin integrity, motor end-plate integrity, the development of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), and the functional recovery following nerve injuries. Similarly, brain energy metabolism and functions ranging from development to synaptic plasticity to axonal integrity are also dependent on lactate transport primarily between glia and neurons. This review is focused on critically analysing the expression pattern and the functions of lactate transporters in peripheral nerves and the brain and highlighting their role in glia-neuron metabolic crosstalk in physiological and pathological conditions.

过去几十年的研究提供了关于乳酸神经生物学的新见解，以及由乳酸运输驱动的神经能量学在健康和周围神经和大脑疾病中的意义。现在已经描述了神经胶质和神经元中乳酸转运蛋白的表达模式，尽管仍然存在明显的争议和差异。重要的是，正在进行下调和上调实验，以更好地了解这些转运蛋白在不同系统中的功能。周围神经中的乳酸转运蛋白对于维持轴突和髓磷脂的完整性，运动终板的完整性，糖尿病性周围神经病变（DPN）的发展以及神经损伤后的功能恢复非常重要。同样，从发育到突触可塑性到轴突完整性的大脑能量代谢和功能也主要取决于神经胶质和神经元之间的乳酸运输。这篇综述的重点是批判性地分析外周神经和大脑中乳酸盐转运蛋白的表达模式和功能，并强调它们在生理和病理条件下在神经胶质-神经元代谢串扰中的作用。