Surface-Activated Corrosion in Tin–Lead Halide Perovskite Solar Cells,ACS Energy Letters

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Surface-Activated Corrosion in Tin–Lead Halide Perovskite Solar Cells
ACS Energy Letters ( IF 19.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-29 , DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01445
Laura E. Mundt ₁ , Jinhui Tong ₂ , Axel F. Palmstrom ₂ , Sean P. Dunfield _{2,

3} , Kai Zhu ₂ , Joseph J. Berry ₂ , Laura T. Schelhas _{1,

2} , Erin L. Ratcliff _{4,

5,

6}

Affiliation

Mixed tin–lead halide perovskite solar cells have promising power conversion efficiencies, but long-term stability is still a challenge. Herein we examine the stability of a 60:40 tin–lead perovskite to better understand diminished device performance upon thermal treatment, both in ambient and inert atmosphere. Operando X-ray diffraction shows a stable bulk structure of the perovskite absorber, leading to the hypothesis that surface chemistry dominates the degradation mechanism. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveals two new observations post-thermal annealing that accompany previously reported Sn⁴⁺ evolution: (i) the formation of I₃^– intermediates preceding I₂ loss at the surface and (ii) evidence of under-coordinated tin and lead surface sites (Sn^δ<2+ and Pb^δ<2+, respectively) in inert and ambient conditions. These two species indicate an activated corrosion (i.e., both oxidation and reduction) process at the surface as a possible chemical pathway for degradation, which is expected to be accelerated under operando voltage and light biases.

中文翻译：

锡铅卤化物钙钛矿太阳能电池中的表面活化腐蚀

混合锡铅卤化物钙钛矿太阳能电池具有有希望的功率转换效率，但长期稳定性仍然是一个挑战。本文中，我们研究了60:40锡铅钙钛矿的稳定性，以更好地了解在环境和惰性气氛下热处理后器件性能的下降。Operando X射线衍射显示出钙钛矿吸收剂具有稳定的整体结构，这导致了以下假设：表面化学起着降解机理的作用。X射线光电子能谱揭示了在热退火后伴随先前报道的Sn ⁴⁺演化的两个新观察结果：（i）I ₃的形成^– I ₂之前的中间体表面损失和（ii ）在惰性和环境条件下锡和铅表面位点（分别为Snδ ^<2+和Pbδ ^<2+）配位不足的证据。这两种物质表明表面上的活化腐蚀（即氧化和还原）过程是可能的降解化学途径，预计在工作电压和光偏压下会加速降解。

更新日期：2020-11-13

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