Winter pea (Pisum sativum L.) can be used as a forage and cover crop in the southeast and mid‐Atlantic United states; however, minimal effort has been devoted to optimize winter pea genetics for forage and cover crop production in these regions. Studies were conducted from 2015–2017 in Maryland and North Carolina screening 18 winter pea genotypes for forage and cover crop use. Winter pea genotypes were compared with widely grown crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) and hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth]. All legume genotypes were harvested across four timings. Legume winter hardiness, disease incidence, biomass production, quality, and N release were estimated. Winter hardiness was severe with many winter pea genotypes at the Maryland environments, which restricted winter pea biomass production. There was considerable variation for disease incidence among the winter pea genotypes depending on biotic stressors at each environment. At the North Carolina environments, several winter pea genotypes produced similar biomass to crimson clover and hairy vetch across harvest timings. At the Maryland environments, crimson clover and hairy vetch biomass exceeded winter pea biomass. The winter pea genotypes varied considerably for quality traits including protein, lignin, and cellulose. Relative forage value declined as biomass harvest was delayed and was generally higher with all winter pea genotypes than crimson clover or hairy vetch. These results show wide genetic variation in the winter pea genotypes screened for biomass and quality; this variation could be utilized in breeding efforts to enhance winter pea production in the region.

中文翻译：

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美国东南部18种冬季豌豆的草料和覆盖作物基因型之间的差异

豌豆（Pisum sativum L.）在美国东南部和大西洋中部可用作草料和农作物。然而，在这些地区，人们已经付出了最小的努力来优化豌豆的遗传基因以用于牧草和农作物的生产。从2015年至2017年，在马里兰州和北卡罗来纳州进行了研究，筛选了18种冬豌豆基因型用于草料和农作物。将冬豌豆的基因型与广泛种植的深红色三叶草（Trifolium incarnatum L.）和多毛紫etch（Vicia villosa）进行了比较。罗斯]。在四个时间点收获所有豆类基因型。估计了豆科植物的抗寒性，疾病发生率，生物量产量，品质和氮释放。在马里兰州的环境中，许多冬季豌豆基因型对冬季的抵抗力很强，这限制了冬季豌豆生物量的生产。豌豆基因型之间的发病率差异很大，这取决于每种环境下的生物胁迫。在北卡罗莱纳州的环境中，几种豌豆基因型在收获时机产生的生物量与深红三叶草和紫and相似。在马里兰州的环境中，深红色的三叶草和毛v子生物量超过了豌豆生物量。冬豌豆的基因型在蛋白质，木质素和纤维素等品质性状上差异很大。相对草料值随生物量收获延迟而下降，并且在所有基因型豌豆中，相对于深红色三叶草或毛v子，其相对较高。这些结果表明，针对生物量和品质进行筛选的豌豆基因型具有广泛的遗传变异。这种变异可用于育种工作，以提高该地区的冬豌豆产量。