Chromoblastomycosis (CBM) is a chronic granulomatous fungal infection caused by melanised or brown‐pigmented fungi. It can lead to chronic persistent infections and may cause incapacity for labour in some severe clinical forms. The optimal therapy for CBM is still uncertain. Here, we reported the case of a 66‐year‐old male who has had red plaque and recurrent keratinised protrusions on his right forearm for 20 years. He was treated orally with terbinafine, itraconazole and isotretinoin. He also received carbon dioxide(CO2) laser to eradicate the keratinised protrusions and promote the penetration of photosensitiser. After the CO2 laser, 5‐aminolevulinic acid‐based photodynamic therapy (ALA‐PDT) was adopted immediately to inhibiting the growth of fungi in subcutaneous tissue. The patient received an important improvement with a plaque and crust reduction after 4 months. For such recalcitrant case of chromoblastomycosis, the use of retinoid, CO2 laser combined with ALA‐PDT may be a new adjuvant therapy. We further reviewed the cases of chromoblastomycosis treated with laser, photodynamic therapy or retinoic acid.

中文翻译：

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维甲酸联合光动力疗法治疗角化过度性色芽生菌病：病例报告和文献综述

色芽生菌病（CBM）是一种由黑色素或棕色色素真菌引起的慢性肉芽肿性真菌感染。它可能导致慢性持续感染，并可能导致某些严重临床形式的劳动能力丧失。CBM 的最佳治疗方案仍不确定。在这里，我们报告了一个 66 岁男性的病例，他的右前臂有红色斑块和复发性角化突起 20 年。他口服特比萘芬、伊曲康唑和异维A酸。他还接受了二氧化碳（CO2）激光来根除角质化的突起并促进光敏剂的渗透。CO2激光后，立即采用基于5-氨基乙酰丙酸的光动力疗法（ALA-PDT）来抑制皮下组织中真菌的生长。患者在 4 个月后获得了重要的改善，斑块和结痂减少。对于这种顽固的色素芽生菌病病例，使用类视黄醇、CO2 激光联合 ALA-PDT 可能是一种新的辅助治疗。我们进一步回顾了激光、光动力疗法或视黄酸治疗的色素芽生菌病病例。