Chi and colleagues have argued that some of the most challenging engineering concepts exhibit properties of emergent systems. However, students often lack a mental framework, or schema, for understanding emergence. Slotta and Chi posited that helping students develop a schema for emergent systems, referred to as schema training, would increase the understanding of challenging concepts exhibiting emergent properties.

中文翻译：

---

使用图式培训来帮助学生理解传热和热力学方面具有挑战性的工程概念

Chi和他的同事认为，一些最具挑战性的工程概念具有新兴系统的特性。然而，学生通常缺乏理解出现的心理框架或图式。Slotta和Chi认为，帮助学生开发紧急系统的模式（称为模式培训）可以增进对具有紧急特性的概念的理解。