Abstract For concentrator photovoltaic modules, a promising approach is the miniaturization of the solar cell and optics. In solar cells, the perimeter is a source for the recombination of minority charge carriers, which leads to a voltage loss. With decreasing cell size, the ratio between perimeter and solar cell area increases and therefore the perimeter recombination becomes more relevant. In this work, we quantify this loss using the open-circuit voltages derived from I–V measurements of triple-junction concentrator solar cells of different sizes under varying irradiances. For the simulations, a one-dimensional diode model with two parallel interconnected diodes is applied with ideality factors of n1 = 3 and n2 = 6 for the triple-junction solar cell. As we compare solar cell designs that differ in size and fraction of the metallized area, we must take into account that the parallel resistance and the dark saturation currents differ. In the model, this discrepancy is conveyed by a dependency on the perimeter-to-area ratio and incorporating the ratio between the active and total areas into the model. Therefore, the areas need to be determined. For small solar cells, the uncertainty of the measurement is high. We account for this uncertainty by investigating areas derived from the photolithography masks and measurements. The model is applied to investigate the influence of the voltage loss on solar cells smaller than 3 mm in diameter. We show that, despite the simplification of the ideality factors, the model agrees well with the measurements. It is shown that for high concentrations (C > 500), the voltage loss is below 2% even for small cells with P/A up to 120 cm−1. We show that the dark area voltage loss for this cell and concentration is of the same order of magnitude as the loss due to the perimeter.

中文翻译：

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由于微聚光太阳能电池中的周边和暗区造成的电压损失

摘要 对于聚光型光伏组件，一种很有前景的方法是太阳能电池和光学器件的小型化。在太阳能电池中，周边是少数电荷载流子复合的来源，这会导致电压损失。随着电池尺寸的减小，周长和太阳能电池面积之间的比率增加，因此周长复合变得更加相关。在这项工作中，我们使用来自不同辐照度下不同尺寸的三结聚光器太阳能电池的 I-V 测量值的开路电压来量化这种损失。对于模拟，具有两个并联互连二极管的一维二极管模型应用于三结太阳能电池的理想因子 n1 = 3 和 n2 = 6。当我们比较尺寸和金属化面积比例不同的太阳能电池设计时，我们必须考虑到并联电阻和暗饱和电流是不同的。在模型中，这种差异是通过对周长面积比的依赖性以及将活动面积和总面积之间的比值纳入模型来表达的。因此，需要确定区域。对于小型太阳能电池，测量的不确定性很高。我们通过调查从光刻掩模和测量得出的区域来解释这种不确定性。该模型用于研究电压损失对直径小于 3 mm 的太阳能电池的影响。我们表明，尽管简化了理想因素，但该模型与测量结果非常吻合。结果表明，对于高浓度（C > 500），即使对于 P/A 高达 120 cm-1 的小电池，电压损失也低于 2%。