Abstract Climate change will cause substantial numbers of people to relocate, whether in a planned or more ad hoc manner. In receiving communities this could lead to substantial problems supplying physical infrastructure, preserving affordability, conserving wild and productive lands, maintaining social connections, and providing community services in new areas. Moving to comprehensively planned new settlements could be a solution to climate sprawl (fragmented and dispersed development) and climate gentrification (increased demand in existing areas). This may involve moving an entire settlement as a whole to a comprehensively planned neighborhood or town. We call this “whole community” retreat as it keeps social ties intact. An alternative involves creating a comprehensively planned new town or new neighborhood for people from a variety of locations. We refer to this as “new community” retreat as it provides a new environment, but social ties need to be developed. The paper examines lessons from two sets of experiences with large scale resettlement or community-building. One group of examples involves whole community resettlements after disasters or related to economic development and a second set of precedents come from the broader history of new towns. Challenges from both resettlement experience and new town history include land and infrastructure availability and cost, planning and development coordination, financing, and attracting a large enough proportion of people to keep social ties intact. A more comprehensive approach has benefits, but is easier to pull off at a neighborhood rather than a larger scale and for shorter rather than longer moves.

中文翻译：

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计划重新安置的教训和避免气候蔓延的新城镇经验

摘要 气候变化将导致大量人口迁移，无论是有计划的还是更临时的。在接收社区中，这可能会导致在提供有形基础设施、保持可负担性、保护野生和生产性土地、维持社会联系以及在新地区提供社区服务等方面出现实质性问题。迁移到全面规划的新定居点可能是解决气候蔓延（分散和分散的发展）和气候高档化（现有地区需求增加）的一种解决方案。这可能涉及将整个定居点作为一个整体迁移到一个全面规划的社区或城镇。我们称之为“整个社区”撤退，因为它保持社会联系完好无损。另一种选择是为来自不同地点的人们创建一个全面规划的新城镇或新社区。我们将其称为“新社区”撤退，因为它提供了一个新环境，但需要发展社会联系。本文考察了大规模移民安置或社区建设的两组经验教训。一组例子涉及灾后或与经济发展相关的整个社区重新安置，第二组先例来自更广泛的新城镇历史。重新安置经验和新城镇历史带来的挑战包括土地和基础设施的可用性和成本、规划和开发协调、融资以及吸引足够多的人口以保持社会联系完整。更全面的方法有好处，