Water-energy nexus in the context of changing climate amplifies the importance of comprehending the transport, fate and recovery of radioisotope. While countries have been more interested for zero/low greenhouse gas emission technologies, energy production from nuclear power plant (NPP) can be a prominent solution. Moreover, radioisotopes are also used for other benefits such as in medical science, industrial activities and many more. These radionuclides are blended accidently or intentionally with water or wastewater because of inefficacious management of the nuclear waste; and therefore, it is an imperative task to manage nuclear waste so that the harmful consequences of the waste on environment, ecology and human health can be dispelled. Due to generation of significant amount of waste throughout its utilization, a noticeable number of physical, chemical and biological processes has been introduced as remediation processes although mechanisms of optimum removal process are still under investigation. Removal mechanisms and influencing factors for radionuclide removal are elucidated in this review so that, further, operation and process development can be promoted. Again, resource recovery, opportunities and challenges are also discussed for elevating the removal rates and minimizing the knowledge gaps existing in development and applications of novel decontamination processes.

在气候变化的背景下，水与能源之间的联系加剧了理解放射性同位素的运输，命运和恢复的重要性。尽管各国对零/低温室气体排放技术更感兴趣，但核电站（NPP）的能源生产可能是一个突出的解决方案。此外，放射性同位素还用于其他益处，例如医学，工业活动等。由于对核废物的有效管理，这些放射性核素偶然或有意与水或废水混合。因此，管理核废料是当务之急，以消除废料对环境，生态和人类健康的有害影响。由于在整个使用过程中都会产生大量废物，因此，尽管仍在研究最佳去除过程的机理，但已将化学和生物过程作为修复过程。在这篇综述中阐明了放射性核素去除的去除机理和影响因素，从而进一步促进了操作和工艺开发。再者，还讨论了资源回收，机遇和挑战，以提高清除率并最大程度地减少新型去污工艺的开发和应用中存在的知识差距。可以促进运营和流程开发。再者，还讨论了资源回收，机遇和挑战，以提高清除率并最大程度地减少新型去污工艺的开发和应用中存在的知识差距。可以促进运营和流程开发。再者，还讨论了资源回收，机遇和挑战，以提高清除率并最大程度地减少新型去污工艺的开发和应用中存在的知识差距。