Abstract A large amount of industrial waste containing precious metals (PMs) has become a significant issue for the recovery of PMs. The success of PM extractions via hydrometallurgical processes using various types of ionic liquid (IL) extractants has been widely reported. An understanding of their extraction mechanisms and influencing factors is advantageous for further development and design, especially future utilization in industries. This review focuses on the extraction mechanisms of PMs using ILs as extractants in the liquid-liquid extraction or solvent extraction process. Factors influencing their extraction mechanisms and efficiency are described. Different types of ILs used in the extractions of gold (Au(III)), silver (Ag(I)), palladium (Pd(II)) and platinum (Pt(IV)) have been promoted. Moreover, the correlation of calculating parameters with the PM extractions is presented. Finally, their future aspects are recommended.

中文翻译：

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湿法冶金过程中使用离子液体萃取剂回收贵金属的综述

摘要 大量含有贵金属（PMs）的工业废弃物已成为PMs回收的重要课题。已经广泛报道了通过湿法冶金过程使用各种类型的离子液体 (IL) 萃取剂成功萃取 PM 的情况。了解它们的提取机制和影响因素有利于进一步的开发和设计，尤其是未来在工业中的应用。本综述侧重于在液-液萃取或溶剂萃取过程中使用离子液体作为萃取剂的 PMs 萃取机制。描述了影响其提取机制和效率的因素。用于提取金 (Au(III))、银 (Ag(I))、钯 (Pd(II)) 和铂 (Pt(IV)) 的不同类型的离子液体已得到推广。而且，给出了计算参数与 PM 提取的相关性。最后，推荐他们未来的方面。