Abstract The progressive degradation of the cryosphere of High-Arctic areas causes an increase in the dynamics of geomorphic processes that shape the valleys of rapidly retreating glaciers. Those especially sensitive to global environmental changes are the small, land-ending valley glaciers that are in the phase of strong retreat. Under these conditions, the river valley's floors that are drained by proglacial waters are constantly undergoing intensive changes. For the analysis of these changes, two methods were used simultaneously (as a synthesis) to allow for quantitative and qualitative evaluation. The first one is the increasingly more common DoD method (DEM of difference), which allows quantifying volumetric changes as a result of topographic differentiation. The second one, which was applied for the first time on a small-valley spatial scale, is the geomorphons method that makes it possible to assess the stability of landforms and to determine the directions of their new development. To judge the applicability (advantages and disadvantages) of both methods for analysis of geomorphic changes in rapidly changing proglacial environments, the study was carried out over a 3.3 km distance of the non-glaciated section of the Scott River valley course (NW Wedel-Jarlsberg Land, SW Svalbard). This area (1.3 km2) is currently shaped by a braided gravel-bed river. More accurately, the study focused on the section spanning from the glacier terminus, which is the source of the Scott River, to its outlet at the Rechersche Fjord (Bellsundfiorden). The foundation for the development of comparative elevation models was a collection of terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) surveys that were taken with a Leica ScanStation C10 scanner during the 2010 and 2013 snowmelt seasons. On the basis of these surveys and with the use of TIN interpolation, high-resolution (0.2 m) digital terrain models (DTMs) were generated. The DTM models that had been prepared in this manner were used for the analysis of surface changes by employing Geomorphic Change Detection (GCD) software, and by simultaneously generating geomorphons maps for four selected test areas that covered characteristic fragments of the valley bottom (1- on the close forefield of the Scott Glacier terminus; 2- in the immediate vicinity of the narrow valley outlet at the foot of the marginal moraine ridge; 3- in the enlargement of the central section of the non-glaciated valley floor; 4- within the alluvial fan (outlet to the fjord)). A comparison of the obtained results (DoD and geomorphons maps; zonal statistics) as well as a compilation of both the quantitative assessment of the scale of changes and the qualitative assessment of the transformation's direction allowed for reconstructing the range and rate of three-year-long changes in morphology at the analysed sections of the valley floor. It was found that the pattern and rate of changes were closely related to the location of the test areas in the Scott River's catchment system. Significant differences in the dynamics of processes shaping the valley landforms along the longitudinal valley course were found.

中文翻译：

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地貌学在分析前冰河谷形态变化中的应用（案例研究：斯科特河，斯瓦尔巴群岛西南）

摘要 高北极地区冰冻圈的逐渐退化导致地貌过程动力学的增加，这些过程塑造了快速退缩的冰川山谷。那些对全球环境变化特别敏感的是处于强烈退缩阶段的小型陆地冰川。在这些条件下，被前冰河水排干的河谷地表不断发生剧烈变化。为了分析这些变化，同时使用两种方法（作为综合）以进行定量和定性评估。第一个是越来越常见的 DoD 方法（差异 DEM），它允许量化由于地形差异导致的体积变化。第二个，首次在小山谷空间尺度上应用的是地貌学方法，它可以评估地貌的稳定性并确定其新发展的方向。为了判断这两种方法在快速变化的前冰期环境中分析地貌变化的适用性（优点和缺点），该研究是在斯科特河谷河道（NW Wedel-Jarlsberg）的非冰川部分的 3.3 公里距离上进行的。土地，西南斯瓦尔巴群岛）。该地区（1.3 平方公里）目前由一条辫状砾石河床形成。更准确地说，这项研究的重点是从作为斯科特河源头的冰川终点到其在 Rechersche Fjord (Bellsundfiorden) 出口的部分。比较高程模型的开发基础是在 2010 年和 2013 年融雪季节期间使用 Leica ScanStation C10 扫描仪进行的一系列地面激光扫描 (TLS) 调查。在这些调查的基础上并使用 TIN 插值，生成了高分辨率 (0.2 m) 数字地形模型 (DTM)。以这种方式准备的 DTM 模型通过使用地貌变化检测 (GCD) 软件，并通过同时生成覆盖谷底特征片段的四个选定测试区域的地貌图来分析地表变化 (1-在斯科特冰川终点的近前场； 2- 在边缘冰碛山脊脚下狭窄的山谷出口附近；3-在非冰川谷底中部扩大；4- 冲积扇内（峡湾出口））。对获得的结果（国防部和地貌图；带状统计）的比较以及对变化规模的定量评估和对转变方向的定性评估的汇编，可以重建三年的范围和速率 -谷底分析部分的长期形态变化。发现变化的模式和速率与斯科特河集水系统中试验区的位置密切相关。发现沿纵向山谷路线塑造山谷地貌的过程动力学存在显着差异。4- 冲积扇内（峡湾出口））。对获得的结果（国防部和地貌图；带状统计）的比较以及对变化规模的定量评估和对转变方向的定性评估的汇编，可以重建三年的范围和速率 -谷底分析部分的长期形态变化。结果表明，变化的模式和速度与斯科特河集水系统中试验区的位置密切相关。发现沿纵向山谷路线塑造山谷地貌的过程动力学存在显着差异。4- 冲积扇内（峡湾出口））。对获得的结果（国防部和地貌图；带状统计）的比较以及对变化规模的定量评估和对转变方向的定性评估的汇编，可以重建三年的范围和速率 -谷底分析部分的长期形态变化。结果表明，变化的模式和速度与斯科特河集水系统中试验区的位置密切相关。发现沿纵向山谷路线塑造山谷地貌的过程动力学存在显着差异。带状统计数据）以及对变化规模的定量评估和对转变方向的定性评估的汇编，可以重建谷底分析部分三年内形态变化的范围和速率. 结果表明，变化的模式和速度与斯科特河集水系统中试验区的位置密切相关。发现沿纵向山谷路线塑造山谷地貌的过程动力学存在显着差异。带状统计数据）以及对变化规模的定量评估和对转变方向的定性评估的汇编，可以重建谷底分析部分三年内形态变化的范围和速率. 结果表明，变化的模式和速度与斯科特河集水系统中试验区的位置密切相关。发现沿纵向山谷路线塑造山谷地貌的过程动力学存在显着差异。结果表明，变化的模式和速度与斯科特河集水系统中试验区的位置密切相关。发现沿纵向山谷路线塑造山谷地貌的过程动力学存在显着差异。发现变化的模式和速率与斯科特河集水系统中试验区的位置密切相关。发现沿纵向山谷路线塑造山谷地貌的过程动力学存在显着差异。