Abstract Sacred forests are natural forests conserved on the basis of religious beliefs and cultural practices of local communities. As deforestation and land use change threatens the remaining habitats of many tree species, sacred forests rose in importance as a refuge beyond the protected area network. Despite their conservation and cultural value, sacred forests are often sidelined in the main dialogue on forest governance. Therefore, there is an urgent need for policy reform in forest management that is directed towards a better integration of biodiversity conservation and cultural preservation. Here, we discuss the cultural landscape that led to the conservation of threatened tree species in sacred forests, drawing insights for good governance from Bali, Indonesia. We present five policy recommendations to fully maximize the potential of sacred forests as a tool for the conservation of threatened tree species, including (1) prioritization based on biodiversity conservation value, (2) clear stewardship and legal ownership, (3) reaffirm traditional values in younger generation, (4) propagate and reintroduce threatened tree species and (5) evaluate the socioeconomic impacts of forest management strategies. Ensuring the sustainable management of sacred forests will strengthen their role in biodiversity conservation and as a symbol of human's reverence of nature.

中文翻译：

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政策论坛：圣林——将受威胁树种的保护管理与文化保护相结合的机会

摘要 圣林是基于当地社区的宗教信仰和文化习俗而保护的天然森林。由于森林砍伐和土地利用变化威胁到许多树种的剩余栖息地，神圣森林作为保护区网络之外的避难所变得越来越重要。尽管具有保护和文化价值，但神圣森林在森林治理的主要对话中经常被排除在外。因此，迫切需要对森林管理进行政策改革，以更好地将生物多样性保护和文化保护结合起来。在这里，我们讨论了导致保护神圣森林中受威胁树种的文化景观，并从印度尼西亚巴厘岛汲取了善治的见解。我们提出了五项政策建议，以充分发挥神圣森林作为保护受威胁树种工具的潜力，包括 (1) 基于生物多样性保护价值的优先排序，(2) 明确的管理和合法所有权，(3) 重申传统价值观在年轻一代中，(4) 繁殖和重新引入受威胁的树种，(5) 评估森林管理战略的社会经济影响。确保圣林的可持续管理将加强其在生物多样性保护中的作用，并作为人类敬畏自然的象征。(4) 繁殖和重新引入受威胁的树种和 (5) 评估森林管理战略的社会经济影响。确保圣林的可持续管理将加强其在生物多样性保护中的作用，并作为人类敬畏自然的象征。(4) 繁殖和重新引入受威胁的树种和 (5) 评估森林管理战略的社会经济影响。确保圣林的可持续管理将加强其在生物多样性保护中的作用，并作为人类敬畏自然的象征。