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No-tillage and crop rotation increase crop yields and nitrogen stocks in sandy soils under agroclimatic risk
Field Crops Research ( IF 5.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.fcr.2020.107947
Paulo Claudeir Gomes da Silva , Carlos Sérgio Tiritan , Fábio Rafael Echer , Carlos Felipe dos Santos Cordeiro , Melina Daniel Rebonatti , Carlos Henrique dos Santos

Abstract Agricultural production is challenging in environments with climatic instability, high temperatures, and water deficits, particularly in sandy soils. The use of no-tillage, crop rotation, and cover crops can increase the sustainability of cropping systems under these conditions. Nitrogen (N) is important to improve carbon production and soil organic matter. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of summer crop rotation (sorghum or soybean), tillage system (no-tillage and conventional), and intercropping (maize and palisade grass) on crop yield (soybean and maize grain, sorghum silage and palisade grass dry matter) and soil nitrogen stocks. No-tillage system (NT) resulted in yields 6% higher for soybean, 100 % higher for sorghum and 17 % higher for maize, when compared to conventional tillage, and had no effect on palisade yield. The high palisade grass yield after soybean in 2014 decreased soil inorganic N stocks in the 0−60 cm layer, but total soil N was higher when using soybean rotation under NT and after intercropped maize in 2015. Soybean increased maize yields by 25 % (0.86 Mg ha−1) and palisade yields by 46 % (1.5 Mg ha−1) when compared to silage sorghum. Palisade grass decreased maize yield by 30 % with intercropping. Soybean grown under NT after maize and palisade grass intercrop improves soil N stocks and crop yields. Despite palisade grass competition decreasing maize yields in years with rainfall above the historical mean, its use is important to improve soil organic matter over time.

中文翻译:

免耕和轮作提高了农业气候风险下沙质土壤中的作物产量和氮储量

摘要 在气候不稳定、高温和缺水的环境中,特别是在沙质土壤中,农业生产面临挑战。在这些条件下,免耕、轮作和覆盖作物的使用可以提高种植系统的可持续性。氮 (N) 对提高碳产量和土壤有机质很重要。本研究的目的是评估夏季作物轮作(高粱或大豆)、耕作系统(免耕和常规)和间作(玉米和栅栏草)对作物产量(大豆和玉米粒、高粱青贮饲料和青贮饲料)的影响。栅栏草干物质)和土壤氮储量。与传统耕作相比,免耕系统 (NT) 使大豆的产量提高了 6%,高粱的产量提高了 100%,玉米的产量提高了 17%,并且对栅栏产量没有影响。2014 年大豆后栅栏草的高产降低了 0-60 cm 层土壤无机氮储量,但在 NT 下使用大豆轮作和 2015 年间作玉米后土壤总氮较高。大豆使玉米产量增加了 25%(0.86 Mg ha-1) 和栅栏产量比青贮高粱高 46%(1.5 Mg ha-1)。栅栏草通过间作使玉米产量降低了 30%。玉米和栅栏草间作后在 NT 下种植的大豆提高了土壤氮储量和作物产量。尽管栅栏草竞争会在降雨量高于历史平均值的年份降低玉米产量,但随着时间的推移,使用栅栏草对改善土壤有机质很重要。但在 2015 年在 NT 下和间作玉米后使用大豆轮作时,土壤总氮含量更高。与青贮饲料相比,大豆使玉米产量提高了 25%(0.86 Mg ha-1),栅栏产量提高了 46%(1.5 Mg ha-1)高粱。栅栏草通过间作使玉米产量降低了 30%。玉米和栅栏草间作后在 NT 下种植的大豆提高了土壤氮储量和作物产量。尽管栅栏草竞争会在降雨量高于历史平均值的年份降低玉米产量,但随着时间的推移,使用栅栏草对改善土壤有机质很重要。但在 2015 年在 NT 下和间作玉米后使用大豆轮作时,土壤总氮含量更高。与青贮饲料相比,大豆使玉米产量提高了 25%(0.86 Mg ha-1),栅栏产量提高了 46%(1.5 Mg ha-1)高粱。栅栏草通过间作使玉米产量降低了 30%。玉米和栅栏草间作后在 NT 下种植的大豆提高了土壤氮储量和作物产量。尽管栅栏草竞争会在降雨量高于历史平均值的年份降低玉米产量,但随着时间的推移,使用栅栏草对改善土壤有机质很重要。玉米和栅栏草间作后在 NT 下种植的大豆提高了土壤氮储量和作物产量。尽管栅栏草竞争会在降雨量高于历史平均值的年份降低玉米产量,但随着时间的推移,使用栅栏草对改善土壤有机质很重要。玉米和栅栏草间作后在 NT 下种植的大豆提高了土壤氮储量和作物产量。尽管栅栏草竞争会在降雨量高于历史平均值的年份降低玉米产量,但随着时间的推移,使用栅栏草对改善土壤有机质很重要。
更新日期:2020-11-01
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