Abstract Critical knowledge gaps about environmental fate and unintentional effects of currently used pesticides (CUPs) hamper the understanding and mitigation of their global impacts on ecological processes. We investigated the exposure of earthworms to 31 multiclass CUPs in an arable landscape in France. We highlighted the presence of at least one pesticide in all soils (n = 180) and 92 % of earthworms (n = 155) both in treated crops and nontreated habitats (hedgerows, grasslands, and cereals under organic farming). Mixtures of at least one insecticide, one herbicide, and one fungicide (> limit of quantification) contaminated 90 % of soils and 54 % of earthworms at levels that could endanger these nontarget beneficial soil organisms. A high risk of chronic toxicity to earthworms was found (46 % of samples) both in treated winter cereals and nontreated habitats considered as refuges. This may alter biodiversity, hinder recovery, and impair ecosystem functions. These results provide essential insights for sustainable agriculture and CUP regulation, and highlight the potential of pesticides as agents of global change.

中文翻译：

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当前使用的农药残留在土壤和蚯蚓中：无声的威胁？

摘要 关于当前使用的农药 (CUP) 的环境归宿和无意影响的关键知识差距阻碍了对其对生态过程的全球影响的理解和缓解。我们调查了蚯蚓在法国耕地环境中暴露于 31 种多类 CUP 的情况。我们强调了在所有土壤 (n = 180) 和 92% 的蚯蚓 (n = 155) 中都存在至少一种农药，无论是在经过处理的作物还是未经处理的栖息地（绿篱、草地和有机农业下的谷物）。至少一种杀虫剂、一种除草剂和一种杀菌剂的混合物（> 定量限）污染了 90% 的土壤和 54% 的蚯蚓，其水平可能危及这些非目标有益土壤生物。在处理过的冬季谷物和被视为避难所的未经处理的栖息地中都发现了对蚯蚓慢性毒性的高风险（占样本的 46%）。这可能会改变生物多样性、阻碍恢复并损害生态系统功能。这些结果为可持续农业和 CUP 监管提供了重要见解，并突出了农药作为全球变化因素的潜力。