Structurally diverse biopolymers, including extracellular polysaccharides (EPS), synthesized by bacteria can possess physicochemical and functional properties that make them important products of microbial synthesis with a broad and versatile biotechnological potential. Leuconostoc spp. belongs to the group of lactic acid bacteria as one of the predominant members and are relevant not only in varied food fermentations, but also can be employed in the production of extracellular homopolysaccharides (HoPS) such as α-glucans (dextran, alternan) and β-fructans (levan,inulin) from the sucrose-containing substrates. EPS are synthesized by specific Leuconostoc spp. extracellular glycosyltransferases [dextran sucrase, alternansucrase (ASR)] and fructosyltransferases (levansucrase, inulosucrase) and enzymatic reactions can be performed in whole culture systems as well as using cell-free enzymes. Both α-glucans and β-fructans have a wide range of properties, mostly depending on their pattern of linkages, which, although differing in some respects, make suitable prerequisites for their versatile application in many fields, especially in the food industry and biomedicine. As a rule, these properties (polymer type, molecular mass, rheological parameters), as well as the overall EPS yield, are strain-specific for the selected producers and depend to a large extent on the nutritional and growth conditions used, which in many cases remain not sufficiently optimized for Leuconostoc spp. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the potential of Leuconostoc spp. to produce commercially relevant EPS, including information on their applications in various fields, producer strains, production methods and techniques used, selected conditions, the productivity of bioprocesses as well as the possible use of renewable resources for their development.

中文翻译：

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由明串珠菌属细菌产生的细胞外多糖

由细菌合成的结构多样的生物聚合物，包括细胞外多糖 (EPS)，具有理化和功能特性，使它们成为微生物合成的重要产物，具有广泛和多功能的生物技术潜力。明串珠菌属 属于乳酸菌群，是主要成员之一，不仅与各种食品发酵有关，还可以用于生产细胞外同多糖 (HoPS)，例如 α-葡聚糖（葡聚糖、交替聚糖）和 β -来自含蔗糖底物的果聚糖（果聚糖，菊粉）。EPS 由特定的明串珠菌属合成。胞外糖基转移酶 [葡聚糖蔗糖酶，交替蔗糖酶 (ASR)] 和果糖基转移酶（左旋蔗糖酶，inulosucrase) 和酶促反应可以在整个培养系统中进行，也可以使用无细胞酶进行。α-葡聚糖和 β-果聚糖都具有广泛的特性，主要取决于它们的连接模式，尽管在某些方面有所不同，但它们为它们在许多领域，特别是在食品工业和生物医学中的通用应用提供了合适的先决条件。通常，这些特性（聚合物类型、分子量、流变参数）以及 EPS 总产量对于所选生产商是菌株特异性的，并且在很大程度上取决于所使用的营养和生长条件，在许多情况下对于明串珠菌属而言，情况仍然没有得到充分优化。本综述总结了目前关于明串珠菌潜力的知识。生产商业相关的EPS，