Caseins are the most abundant milk proteins in mammalian species and are assembled in supra-macromolecular structures called micelles. In this study, the microstructural properties, particle size, and elemental composition of isolated casein from bovine milk and its therapeutic effect on oxidative and cholinergic activities linked to dementia in oxidative brain injury were investigated. SEM analysis of the isolated casein micelles from skimmed fresh bovine milk revealed spherical colloid aggregates, while TEM analysis revealed dispersed spherical particles with a mean size of 63.15 ± 4.77 nm. SEM-EDX analysis revealed clusters of carbon, oxygen, sulfur, copper, sodium, magnesium, potassium, iron, and selenium. Treatment of oxidative brain injury with the isolated casein micelles led to elevated levels of GSH, SOD, catalase, ENTPDase, 5’NTPase activities, while concomitantly suppressing MDA, cholesterol, HDL-c levels, acetylcholinesterase and lipase activities. Treatment with the isolated casein micelles led to complete depletion of oxidative generated lipid metabolites, while deactivating oxidative-activated lipid metabolic pathways. These results indicate the microstructural properties, particle size, elemental composition, and antioxidant neuroprotective effect of casein micelles from bovine milk. Thus, demonstrating the nutraceutical properties of milk in the management of oxidative induced cognitive impairment.

酪蛋白是哺乳动物物种中含量最丰富的乳蛋白，并组装成称为胶束的超大分子结构。在这项研究中，研究了从牛奶中分离出的酪蛋白的微观结构特性、粒径和元素组成，及其对氧化性脑损伤痴呆相关的氧化和胆碱能活性的治疗作用。从脱脂新鲜牛奶中分离出的酪蛋白胶束的 SEM 分析显示球形胶体聚集体，而 TEM 分析显示分散的球形颗粒，平均尺寸为 63.15 ± 4.77 nm。SEM-EDX 分析揭示了碳、氧、硫、铜、钠、镁、钾、铁和硒的簇。用分离的酪蛋白胶束治疗氧化性脑损伤导致 GSH、SOD、过氧化氢酶、ENTPDase、5'NTPase 活性，同时抑制 MDA、胆固醇、HDL-c 水平、乙酰胆碱酯酶和脂肪酶活性。用分离的酪蛋白胶束处理导致氧化产生的脂质代谢物完全消耗，同时使氧化激活的脂质代谢途径失活。这些结果表明来自牛奶的酪蛋白胶束的微观结构特性、粒径、元素组成和抗氧化神经保护作用。因此，证明了牛奶在治疗氧化诱导的认知障碍方面的营养特性。同时使氧化激活的脂质代谢途径失活。这些结果表明来自牛奶的酪蛋白胶束的微观结构特性、粒径、元素组成和抗氧化神经保护作用。因此，证明了牛奶在治疗氧化诱导的认知障碍方面的营养特性。同时使氧化激活的脂质代谢途径失活。这些结果表明来自牛奶的酪蛋白胶束的微观结构特性、粒径、元素组成和抗氧化神经保护作用。因此，证明了牛奶在治疗氧化诱导的认知障碍方面的营养特性。