Abstract. We evaluated the opportunities and performance of a new type of systematic pixel sharp calibration site for airborne hyperspectral mineral mapping in the environment of an operational copper deposit in Mongolia. The calibration site was designed to be used for estimation of sensitivity and quantification of key minerals in individual pixels in specific geological scenarios. The layout of the calibration site was done with two different copper-containing rock samples, a low copper-containing rock material from the mine, tailing material from the mine, and calibration materials with well-defined known spectral features. The scaled coverage of the sample materials was designed to develop statistical approaches to quantify target minerals in airborne surveys on a pixel-based approach. The data collection included the description of the calibration materials with geochemical, x-ray diffraction, and microscopic and electron raster microscopic methods. Using visible and near-infrared airborne sensors and shortwave infrared airborne sensors, data of the calibration site were collected with multiple repeats from six altitudes. After rectification and atmospheric correction of pixels, sharp measurements of absorption features of clay minerals at 1400, 1900, and 2200 nm were performed and statistically analyzed. Correlations between coverage and absorption features especially around 2200 nm are shown, and influences of flight altitude on sensitivity of the detection and the stability of the measurements are investigated. The results of the calibration field are used for the quantitative estimations of clay minerals in an exploration area near the mine site. The results are also shining new light on methodologies for ground truthing in hyperspectral surveys.

中文翻译：

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使用校准场对航空高光谱数据中的粘土矿物进行定量估计

摘要。我们评估了一种新型系统像素锐利校准站点的机会和性能，用于在蒙古运营的铜矿床环境中进行机载高光谱矿物测绘。校准站点旨在用于估计特定地质场景中单个像素中关键矿物的灵敏度和量化。校准场地的布局是用两种不同的含铜岩石样品完成的，一种是来自矿山的低含铜岩石材料，来自矿山的尾矿材料，以及具有明确定义的已知光谱特征的校准材料。样本材料的比例覆盖旨在开发统计方法，以基于像素的方法量化空中调查中的目标矿物。数据收集包括使用地球化学、X 射线衍射、显微和电子光栅显微方法描述校准材料。使用可见光和近红外机载传感器和短波红外机载传感器，从六个高度重复收集校准站点的数据。对像素进行校正和大气校正后，对粘土矿物在 1400、1900 和 2200 nm 处的吸收特征进行了清晰的测量并进行了统计分析。显示了覆盖和吸收特征之间的相关性，特别是在 2200 nm 附近，并研究了飞行高度对检测灵敏度和测量稳定性的影响。校准场的结果用于矿区附近勘探区粘土矿物的定量估计。结果也为高光谱调查中的地面实况方法提供了新的思路。