New observing capabilities coming online over the next few years will provide opportunities for characterization of exoplanet atmospheres. However, clouds/hazes could be present in the atmospheres of many exoplanets, muting the amplitude of spectral features. We use laboratory simulations to explore photochemical haze formation in H 2 -rich exoplanet atmospheres at 800 K with metallicity either 100 or 1000 times solar. We find that haze particles are produced in both simulated atmospheres with small particle size (20–140 nm) and relatively low production rate (2.4 × 10 −5 to 9.7 × 10 −5 mg cm −3 hr −1 ), but the particle size and production rate is dependent on the initial gas mixtures and the energy sources used in the simulation experiments. The gas phase mass spectra show that complex chemical processes happen in these atmospheres and generate new gas products that can further react to form larger molecules and solid haze partic...

中文翻译：

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富H 2系外行星大气中的霾形成

未来几年将在线使用的新观测功能将为表征系外行星大气层提供机会。但是，许多系外行星的大气中可能存在云/霾，使光谱特征的幅度减弱。我们使用实验室模拟来探索在800 K富H 2的系外行星大气中光化学雾度的形成，其金属性是太阳的100或1000倍。我们发现雾度颗粒是在两种模拟大气中产生的，它们具有较小的粒径（20–140 nm）和相对较低的生产率（2.4  ×  10 -5至9.7  × 10 -5 mg cm -3 hr -1），但颗粒大小和生产率取决于初始气体混合物和模拟实验中使用的能源。气相质谱表明，复杂的化学过程在这些大气中发生并产生新的气体产物，这些气体产物可以进一步反应形成更大的分子和固体雾状颗粒。